Question

Oracle > Adding new column to a table

Asked by: CSecurity

Hello!

I have a table which contains about 8 varchar2(4000) and a CLOB...
Now I want to add a int column which will have primary key like column... It should have ID of rows so I'll have count of my rows and sort of my data in table...

I just need to have number in it... 1 to number of rows I have and it should increase as I add new data...

How can I do that without removing my table or corrupting data?

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Asked On
2007-07-11 at 13:13:08ID22689940
Tags

column

,

oracle

,

new

,

table

,

adding

Topics

Oracle 10.x

,

Databases Miscellaneous

,

Oracle Database

Participating Experts
3
Points
500
Comments
8

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Answers

 

by: sujit_kumarPosted on 2007-07-11 at 13:39:40ID: 19466568

what you can do is,

1. create an sequence.

CREATE SEQUENCE TEST_SEQ START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1;

2. Add that column (ID) in your table.

ALTER TABLE TEST_TABLE ADD COLUMN (ID NUMBER);

3. Do a one-time update for the column to populate the ID.

UPDATE TEST_TABLE SET ID = ROWNUM;

4. Then, whenever you INSERT any row into this table insert Sequence's NEXTVAL (TEST_SEQ.NEXTVAL) into the ID column.

INSERT INTO TEST_TAB (ID, .....) VALUES (TEST_SEQ.NEXTVAL, ....);


 

by: markgeerPosted on 2007-07-11 at 13:55:32ID: 19466704

Sujit's suggestion is close.  I agree with his first two steps.  I've never tried an update like his step 3, so I'm not sure if that will work, or not.  If it does, that's fine.  If not, you will have to write a short PL\SQL block to fetch each row via a cursor, then do an update that uses TEST_SEQ.NEXTVAL.  For step 4, you should write trigger like this:

create or replace trigger set_id before insert on [your_table]
for each row
begin
  select TEST_SEQ.NEXTVAL into :new.id from dual;
end;
/

If that gives you errors, or doesn't work as intended, then this slightly-more complex version should work:
 
create or replace trigger set_id before insert on [your_table]
for each row
declare
  cursor c1 is select TEST_SEQ.NEXTVAL from dual;
  dummy number;
begin
  open c1;
  fetch c1 into dummy;
  close c1;
  :new.id := dummy;
end;
/

 

by: sujit_kumarPosted on 2007-07-11 at 14:00:04ID: 19466741

markgeer: Step-4 is a good suggestion. Step-3 is working, i have tested that.

 

by: SJT2003APosted on 2007-07-11 at 17:58:35ID: 19467975

Sujit_kumar:
>> 3. Do a one-time update for the column to populate the ID.

>> UPDATE TEST_TABLE SET ID = ROWNUM;

>> 4. Then, whenever you INSERT any row into this table insert Sequence's NEXTVAL (TEST_SEQ.NEXTVAL) into the ID column.

>> INSERT INTO TEST_TAB (ID, .....) VALUES (TEST_SEQ.NEXTVAL, ....);


Hmmm I doubt you have noticed one thing in your suggest.
As noted in the point 3, you would update the table with ROWNUM first and then (without synchronizing)  you use the sequence for INSERT statements. That means, you would see duplicate numbers in ID column.

For example, I have a table of 10 rows first.
I create a sequence initializing it with 1.
Once after I update the table with ROWNUM, the last row would be with the ID is 10.
When I insert a new row in the same table and use the created sequence newly inserted row ID, it would be 1, meaning  the table would have duplicate IDs for 10 rows.

The solution, first to increase the sequence to keep it sync with the number of rows already created and then use for later inserts with NEXTVAL.

Hope you got my point.

Good luck :)

 

by: SJT2003APosted on 2007-07-11 at 18:07:48ID: 19468011

markgeer:
>>update like his step 3, so I'm not sure if that will work, or not.  If it does, that's fine.  If not, you will have to write a short PL\SQL block to fetch each row via a cursor, then do an update that uses TEST_SEQ.NEXTVAL.

The UPDATE suggested by sujit really works, it simply replace the ID with rownum (  a WHERE clause would change it though);

And about trigger for each INSERT, I would not go for that.
At glance, per the given example, it would override any given ID in INSERT statement without user knowledge.
For example, if the current sequence is 5 and I am insert a row with explicit ID 10, then the trigger override the given value 10 by 5 and inserts the row with ID 5 but not 10.
Since it is a trigger and it happens behind the scene and the change in ID value being inserted would not   get caught any attention until the user have a look into the database.

Check it out. Good luck :)

 

by: CSecurityPosted on 2007-07-12 at 02:18:24ID: 19469881

Thank you all!

I added new column, I added new sequence, I added new trigger... BUt as SJT2003A says... I have problem with it...

Now for example I have 60 rows in my table, I updated with update command all of ID column and now for example I have 60 rows and all is sorted well...

Now I want to add new row... I call Insert into (incra.nextval) but it not works... Because it gives me 2

Because it was 1... and never added... It gives me 2... But I have for example 60 rows...

How can I repair this?
Thanks

 

by: markgeerPosted on 2007-07-12 at 05:42:01ID: 19470969

SJT2003A spotted the problem (I thought of it too later) but didn't get back to this question until now) and gave you the solution.  You have to set (or adjust) the sequence to start with a value higher than the rows currently in the table.

There are a few different way to do this: (choose the method that looks easiest to you)
1. drop the sequence and re-create it but provide a "startwith" value of 61 (Remember to "grant select.." on the new sequence, if necessary.)
2. alter the sequecne to change the "increment by" to 60, select the nextval just once, then alter the sequence again setting the "increment by" back to 1.
3. Execute this command 60 times:
select [sequence_name].nextval from dual

 

by: CSecurityPosted on 2007-07-12 at 06:03:16ID: 19471146

Thank you all... Problem solved!

20120131-EE-VQP-002

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