TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error and TNS-00530: Protocol adapter error in lsnrctl start

Here is the solution, try it
http://www.experts-exchange.com/Database/Oracle/Q_22676267.html

The ping gave the three replies.
The tnsping failed with:  TNS-12541: TNS:no listener

The proxy is not listed on the services list.

The windows firewall is "off".

No services of any listener.

C:\>sqlplus

Probably the OracleService for the database is not running.

*)
Check if the service is running, if not, startup the service.

**)
check whether environment variables are set or not

Right click at "My Computer"--->Properties---->Advanced---->Environment Varialbes
or
at DOS prompt using echo

if not set then set it
C:\>set ORACLE_SID=<oracleSID>

C:\>sqlplus

if still not working, then rename your origional listener.ora file for example listernerOLD.ora
and save the following as listener.ora , after providing information where --<---

and then try
lsnrctl start

----------------
or paste it in the listener.ora and rename LISTENER to LISTENER_TST in the following

save file
and try

lsnrctl start  LISTENER_TST

LISTENER=
  (DESCRIPTION=
    (ADDRESS_LIST=
      (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=<ip-address of server>)(PORT=1521))--<--
      (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc))))
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
  (SID_LIST=
    (SID_DESC=
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME=abc.domainName.com)  --<---
      (ORACLE_HOME=/oracle11g)
      (SID_NAME=abc))                     --<---
    (SID_DESC=
      (SID_NAME=plsextproc)
      (ORACLE_HOME=/oracle11g)
      (PROGRAM=extproc)))

                                              

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I have verified that the oracle sid service is up and running.  

The listener.ora was renamed to listener.ora.bak and paste your instructions but still don't work.

Do the listener need a  "service" before it can start?  just like the database that needs the creation by oradim of the service before it can start?

Have you turned on the default firewall of Windows
before installing Oracle?
Any antivirus programs?

My mistake: Should be read:
turned OFF the default firewall of Windows

The Windows Firewall setting have always been "off".

There are also hidden firewalls like OfficeScanNT Personal Firewall

No OfficeScanNT Personal Firewall on the server.

This error is similar as if I stop the Database service and then go by sqlplus /nolog and trying to connect to the database:

C:\Documents and Settings\Oracle>echo %ORACLE_SID%
<My SID NAME>

C:\Documents and Settings\Oracle>sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Thu Jan 31 14:08:47 2008

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn /as sysdba
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error


SQL>

   Check if Microsoft Winsock Proxy(WSP) Client is enabled on the
    Windows NT Server, if that is the case then go to windows Control Panel,
    click WSP icon and select the disable Proxy Client option.


Another cause may be a bad LISTENER.ORA


Also try to replace the IP with Domain name or vice versa.

Finally use Net Manager and delete the old Listener. Use my old posting cited above.
Delete or disable the Listener service.
Create a new Listener.

also macAffay antivirus can cause troubles. It is very agressive.

At last !

The windows system admin told me to user "Dameware Nt Utilities" to enter remotely to the server instead of using Remote Desktop, because Remote Desktop goes into the server  as "underground".  (I really did'nt understand this), but anyway I entered the Windows server with the DameWare Utility and issue the lsnrctl start <my listener name>.  At last the listener service was created and I was able to start the listener.