Quickstart: Oracle Express Edition 10g Install and Configuration on Linux

Oracle Express Edition is a completely free, 4gigabyte size limited database with nearly full Oracle Standard Edition feature compatibility. It also comes with the Application Express platform (APEX) and requires virtually no configuration out of the box. It is as simple as downloading the RPM file, running the install command, running the configure step and accepting the default answers. A default database instance (XE) is included with sample schemas so you can begin using the database immediately. The full install guide is found here:
http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/database/xe/files/install.102/b25144/toc.htm
 

1. First download the RPM from Oracle.

http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/database/xe/index.html
 

2. As the root user, check prerequisites, then perform the install.

glibc and libaio are required. Use the rpm command as shown. If you don't have them installed, add them from the Linux distribution media.
 

root# rpm -q glibc
                      glibc-2.5-34
                      
                      root# rpm -q libaio
                      libaio-0.3.106-3.2

Select all Open in new window

 

3. Check kernel parameters for adequate resources.

The RPM installer will insert the minimum recommended kernel setting of "kernel.sem" for you, but since you may want to upgrade from XE to full Oracle at a later time, its a good idea to go ahead and set various other kernel parameters to adequate values for Standard or Enterprise Edition.

/etc/sysctl.conf should have the following params set. After editing the file, either reboot or use "sysctl -p" to load the params dynamically.

kernel.shmmni = 4096
                      kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
                      fs.file-max = 6553600
                      net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
                      net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
                      net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
                      net.core.wmem_default = 262144
                      net.core.wmem_max = 262144

Select all Open in new window

 

4. As the root user, install the Oracle XE RPM.

 

root# rpm --install oracle-xe-univ-10.2.0.1-1.0.i386.rpm 
                      Executing Post-install steps...
                      You must run '/etc/init.d/oracle-xe configure' as the root user to 
                      configure the database.

Select all Open in new window

 

5. As the root user, perform the configuration.

Run "/etc/init.d/oracle-xe configure". Be aware that it will create the oracle user and dba group during this step. You should answer Y (YES) to the question, "Do you want Oracle Database 10g Express Edition to be started on boot (y/n)" in order to install Oracle as a "service".

 

root# /etc/init.d/oracle-xe configure
                       
                      Oracle Database 10g Express Edition Configuration
                      -------------------------------------------------
                      This will configure on-boot properties of Oracle Database 10g Express 
                      Edition.  The following questions will determine whether the database should 
                      be starting upon system boot, the ports it will use, and the passwords that 
                      will be used for database accounts.  Press <Enter> to accept the defaults. 
                      Ctrl-C will abort.
                       
                      Specify the HTTP port that will be used for Oracle Application Express [8080]:
                       
                      Specify a port that will be used for the database listener [1521]:
                       
                      Specify a password to be used for database accounts.  Note that the same
                      password will be used for SYS and SYSTEM.  Oracle recommends the use of 
                      different passwords for each database account.  This can be done after 
                      initial configuration:
                      Confirm the password:
                       
                      Do you want Oracle Database 10g Express Edition to be started on boot (y/n) [y]:
                       
                      Starting Oracle Net Listener...Done
                      Configuring Database...Done
                      Starting Oracle Database 10g Express Edition Instance...Done
                      Installation Completed Successfully.
                      To access the Database Home Page go to "http://127.0.0.1:8080/apex"

Select all Open in new window

Verify that the instance was started by checking for the smon process "ps -ef | grep smon".
 

root# ps -ef | grep smon
                      oracle    4482     1  0 11:34 ?        00:00:00 xe_smon_XE

Select all Open in new window

Verify that /etc/oratab was created with the instance entry was inserted by the installer.

 

root# cat /etc/oratab
                      XE:/usr/lib/oracle/xe/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/server:N

Select all Open in new window

Verify that you can access the web port with your web browser. Make sure you have disabled firewalling, or added a rule for port 8080, your you will only be able to reach the web port locally.

http://localhost:8080/apex

You can stop here if you intend to use Oracle and APEX through the web interface as a learning experience, however, it is a better practice to setup the oracle shell for sqlplus access, DBA tasks, and even RMAN backup and recovery.
 

6. Setup oracle shell user

To use the Oracle tools from a UNIX shell, you need to configure a few environment variables for the oracle owner. You can also configure the same environment for other users. You can either set the variables directly in the .profile just as with Oracle Standard/Enterprise manual installation, or you can simply reference the default profile that comes with Oracle XE.

If you are still root, switch to the oracle user again.

 

su - oracle

Select all Open in new window

Add these to ".profile" in the home directory with the proper Oracle environment variables. I use vi, you can use pico, nano, whatever.

 

# .profile for oracle user - This is how we would usually do it in a SE/EE install
                      export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/xe/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/server
                      export ORACLE_SID=XE
                      export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
                      export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/lib
                      export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
                      echo "Default Oracle instance is $ORACLE_SID"

Select all Open in new window

Or the shortcut, just source in the default profile.
 

# .profile for oracle user - XE has a default profile
                      . /usr/lib/oracle/xe/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/server/bin/oracle_env.sh

Select all Open in new window

Test the profile by logout and re-login as oracle user
 

-bash-3.2$ exit
                      logout
                      [root@localhost ~]# su - oracle
                      Default Oracle instance is XE
                      -bash-3.2$

Select all Open in new window

Test sqlplus:
 

-bash-3.2$ sqlplus / as sysdba
                      
                      SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 31 13:06:13 2009
                      
                      Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
                      
                      
                      Connected to:
                      Oracle Database 10g Express Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
                      
                      SQL> 

Select all Open in new window

 

7. Enable the HR demo account

While connected to sqlplus as sysdba, take care of the final loose end.

Enable the HR user so you can connect via the APEX web interface and use the demo schema. You need to unlock the account, then login as the HR user to set a new password. (Sure you could enable the default password, but this is not secure)

 

SQL> alter user hr account unlock;
                      
                      User altered.
                      
                      SQL> connect hr/hr
                      ERROR:
                      ORA-28001: the password has expired
                      
                      
                      Changing password for hr
                      New password: 
                      Retype new password: 
                      Password changed
                      Connected.
                      SQL> 

Select all Open in new window

Oracle XE is now ready. Within the size and memory limitations, you can deploy your application free of licensing fees. Keep in mind, however, once you need support, you'll need to upgrade to Standard Edition One, at minimum.

You can stop here if you like. If you are concerned with protecting your database and taking backups, some optional steps are included below.



Appendix A : Enable Oracle Database archive mode
This is optional but recommended. Enabling ARCHIVELOG mode will improve your recoverability and allow you to take hot backups with no downtime. Without this, you can only take cold backups or exports.

From sqlplus, switch back to SYSDBA

 

SQL> connect / as sysdba
                      Connected.
                      SQL> 

Select all Open in new window

Shutdown the database, then start in mount mode, and set ARCHIVELOG option before re-opening the database.

 

SQL> shutdown immediate;
                      Database closed.
                      Database dismounted.
                      ORACLE instance shut down.
                      SQL> startup mount;       
                      ORACLE instance started.
                      
                      Total System Global Area  209715200 bytes
                      Fixed Size                  1258028 bytes
                      Variable Size              75501012 bytes
                      Database Buffers          130023424 bytes
                      Redo Buffers                2932736 bytes
                      
                      SQL> alter database archivelog;
                      
                      Database altered.
                      
                      SQL> alter database open;      
                      
                      Database altered.
                      
                      SQL> exit
                      Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Express Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

Select all Open in new window

Appendix B: Configure RMAN and perform a hot backup

From the "oracle" shell user, run RMAN and enable controlfile autobackup, and take an initial hot backup.

 

rman target /
                      RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup on;
                      RMAN> backup database plus archivelog;

Select all Open in new window

The output from the RMAN backup is a bit wordy and not included here, but look for the last two lines, which are:

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
Finished backup at 31-AUG-09
 

RMAN> exit;

Select all Open in new window