Question

Maximize performance of a Sybase Dump

Asked by: knel1234

Hi,

I am looking for ways to maximize the performance of a Sybase dump.

Environment/Background:
Solaris O/S
Sybase 12.5.x and 15.x ASEs
Databases 20Gb - 500Gb
Current Dumps are to Tape

Issue:  There is a time constraint for the nightly window

Current Scenarios:
Test have been run for 2, 4,6,8,10 stripes (note: 10 engines for the ASE)
Test have been run for compression levels of 0,1,2,4, and 6
Memory was increased
Combinations of these tests have been run

Base on the data collected.  There appears to be plenty of CPU, I/O, memory, and bandwidth still available.  However, Sybase doesnt seem to take advantage (need to utilize) these resources

Unfortunately, the results are not acceptable.  The tape drives are still completing this task in less time.

Any thoughts? Obvious or not&.

cheers
knel


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Asked On
2008-08-15 at 06:37:20ID23651195
Tags

Sybase

,

ASE

,

12.5.x/15.x

,

Maximize Dump performance

Topic

Sybase Database

Participating Experts
2
Points
200
Comments
4

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Answers

 

by: grant300Posted on 2008-08-15 at 07:12:33ID: 22238302

You told us about a lot of test you have run but failed to mention the results.  What was the best combination with stripes and compression?  How long does it take to perform a single stripe to tape backup?  What kind of hardware are we talking about, disk array(s), connection type (SCSI, FC, etc), what kind of tape technology?

Usually if you have a big enough machine to have 10 engines running, you should have compression turned up fairly high.  Without the manual, I think the max compression level is 9.

Another thought, how many CPUs are on this machine?  You should never have more than N-1 Sybase engine running where N is the number of CPUs.

You say there are plenty of resources available including I/O.  Are you looking at that in the aggregate but perhaps have one drive that is buried?  Are you placing the stripe output files on different drives or are they all going to the same file system?  Are you using RAID, software or hardware, what level?

I have run into a problem on Solaris systems with direct attached SCSI drives.  SUN takes a very conservative approach to reliability and, by default, the SCSI HBA/Driver turns the drive-level write caching off.  This has a huge negative impact on performance and you will get a system that appear very underutilized even when it should be going great guns..  There is a command you can push at the driver that will turn drive level write caching back on on a per-disk basis.

Joe Woodhouse is the real expert on optimizing Backup Server.  I am sure he will have more specific suggestions when he weighs in.

Regards,
Bill

 

by: knel1234Posted on 2008-08-15 at 08:24:49ID: 22238996


At present, the best combination appears to be a compression level of 1 with 8 stripes. The best times for these dumps to disk have been a little over 2 hours. The tape dump is ~100 minutes. The disk are logical to me (these are logical disks that are part of physical disk located in an EMC box). I believe the SAs have setup this portion of the task as much as possible (but one never knows).

Actually, based on testing. We have dropped compression down (we normally use 4 or 6 ) but the net results (time, space, resources, etc) are dictating that we go with compression level 1 and 8 stripes.

There are 16 CPUs on the host. Sybase has 10 and O/S has the rest. Note: The system is relatively quiesced at these times.

As far your comment:

I have run into a problem on Solaris systems with direct attached SCSI drives. SUN takes a very conservative approach to reliability and, by default, the SCSI HBA/Driver turns the drive-level write caching off. This has a huge negative impact on performance and you will get a system that appear very underutilized even when it should be going great guns.. There is a command you can push at the driver that will turn drive level write caching back on on a per-disk basis.


I will need to talk to the SAs and others to get up to speed.

-k



 

by: grant300Posted on 2008-08-15 at 10:11:29ID: 22239929

If you are using EMC, you don't have to worry about the SCSI write caching issue.  The EMC controller decides what to do with the drives and, besides, has (or should have) a big hunk of write cache configured at the box level.

Joe will weigh in on this as well but I am very surprised that you found better performance with lower compression numbers.  On the average configuration, the added CPU to do compression is more than made up for with reduced I/O and the latencies associated with it.

You don't mention what SUN box you are on or how fast the CPUs are.  If you are on an older box with 450 to 900MHz CPUs, I could see the slew away from compression.  You also don't mention which EMC product is in use, e.g. Clarion, Symmertrix, etc.  I assume the EMC is Fibre Channel attached through a director switch.  If it is 1 or 2 Gbs FC, it will not be as fast as direct attached disk, particularly when you take the latencies of the FC switch and the EMC into account.  It may well be that path to the EMC is getting saturated (IO-OPS, not bulk transfer rate) and/or the write cache on the EMC gets saturated.

One thing to ask the SAs about is whether there are multiple FC paths from the system to the EMC and, critically, whether the Multipath I/O option is turned on in the Solaris FC HBA driver.  This can make a huge difference.

One final thought, if your site is using EMC with Synchronous Remote Data Protection, your throughput will be limited by the WAN link to the other EMC box.  This is particularly bad for large bulk writes like database dumps and there is no good way around it.

The disk backup is only 20 percent longer than the tape backup so we are not talking night and day.  If the tape drive is directly attached via SCSI or FC-AL, the difference may well be the reduced latencies for the tape drive.  What kind of tape drive DLT, LTO2,3,4, etc. and how is it attached to the box?


Regards,
Bill

 

by: Joe_WoodhousePosted on 2008-08-15 at 17:25:29ID: 22242641

Looks like you've already covered the main points. I can add a bit here and there.

Adding memory to Backup Server - a careful reading of the manuals will show that you have to do this in proportion to the number of stripes. Holding memory steady but doubling the number of stripes effectively halves Backup Server memory. If there's ample memory to play with then with 8 stripes I'd go with 8 x default Backup Server memory, for 8 x 48Mb = 384Mb. Heck, if you had plenty, I'd try 512Mb jus to see if it made any difference. Backup Server will only use it if it thinks it will help.

Compression: As Bill says, compression shifts some of the burden from I/O to CPU. In your scenario it sounds like you should have plenty of CPU to go around so I would expect it to make a significant difference. That said, the gain in performance in moving from compression 1 to compression 5 or higher is usually small, and I've seldom found compression 9 improves matters any.

That said, which compression syntax are you using? "compress::[...]" or "with compression = [...]"? The latter is marginally faster and consumes slightly fewer resources, because it is native to Backup Server rather than being passed to an external file to handle the compression...

Stripes: the limiting factor is not the number of ASE engines, because the ASE engines are not performing the backup! The limit is the number of CPUs on the box. I'd suggest you would almost certainly see 12 stripes being a bit faster than 8, and I'd be curious to test 16 as well. You may need to increase the number of Backup Server threads, and/or the number of large i/os within ASE (ok, it *does* do a small amount of the work, but not so much that the number of engines is a bottleneck).

But surely the biggest factor here has to be dumping to tape rather than to disk. How come? If you can get enough space to dump to disk directly, and the disk is reasonably fast and properly setup, it's not unusual to see disk be twice as fast as tape...

That said, if you must go directly to tape, backup your databases in strictly increasing order of size. Dumping to tape has to rewind after each backup (true!! Needed for capacity calculations), so by dumping your smallest databases first you are minimising that rewind and fast forward time.

Finally, if you can't use 100% of the hardware resources despite pushing compression and the number of stripes up - dump two different databases at the same time (each using compression and stripes). This might not be twice as fast as doing them serially, but if there really are resources still left to go around, this *will* be faster than doing them one at a time. Obviously this isn't something you can do to tape very easily...

20120131-EE-VQP-002

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