Question

Constraints or no constraints?

Asked by: Proactivation

I'm currently on a project for a client where I don't have overall responsibility for the SQL Server.  It's built in .NET and SQL 2005, and they expect it to be high-usage.  The database has been designed with no check constraints, and hardly any foreign key constraints, relying solely on the application and unit testing for referential integrity.  The reasoning behind this from the database designer is purely for performance.  He strongly believes that check constrained systems hit a wall and grind to a halt as you scale up, and that the benefits or not having them outweigh the benefits of having them.  He's done this on one large site, where it apparently works.

My opinion is that this is extremely dangerous.  The system will handle financial transactions, and I don't share his 100% confidence in the code or methodology.  I think guaranteed integrity should come first, and the hardware should be scaled to fit the usage taking any performance hit into consideration.  I think bucking conventional wisdom and best practices proven on millions of websites in favour of a system proven on one website is insanity.

What do you think?

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Asked On
2006-08-22 at 05:27:41ID21962772
Tags

constraint

,

check

,

sql

Topic

MS SQL Server

Participating Experts
3
Points
500
Comments
3

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Answers

 

by: imran_fastPosted on 2006-08-22 at 05:35:16ID: 17363098

>>  The system will handle financial transactions, and I don't share his 100% confidence in the code or methodology.

Most of the software like one for microsoft (sharepoint) and (gp) they dosen't have foreign keys defined in it the reason is simple. these foreign keys are defined at the time of development to make sure that the code is supporting all the constraints and when it is tested throughly it is deleted for performance reason.
The other reson beside performance is: It is eaisier to know the design of a database which have relation ship (foreign keys) defined on it that the one with no relationships

but in your case you don't trust the code or mehodology in that case you should ask the developer to provide the constraint and you can implement them.

Professional developer keep the copy of the foreign keys and in your case with no check you can alter your database  using below code to change all no check constraint to check constraint.


declare @TableName varchar(100)

declare TablesList cursor for select name from sysobjects where xtype = 'U'

open TablesList

fetch next from TablesList into @TableName

while @@fetch_status = 0
begin
      exec ('alter table [' + @TableName + '] check constraint all')
      
      fetch next from TablesList into @TableName
end

close TablesList
deallocate TablesList
go

 

by: s_monaniPosted on 2006-08-22 at 05:59:42ID: 17363313

I disagree with the idea of giving away with constraints at the cost of performance, there are reason to support this

System design does not remain constant so the performance of the system has to be valued with every change.

Changes in design are more fault tolerant when constraints are used

Constraints safegaurd can prevent accidental loss of data or updations, specially when new team of programmers are maintaining the system or people writing reports.

Constaints also provide a guide way for forming proper queries, it assists the writer to write queires which are more efficent and produce less redundant results

Most importantly when you share the same data with other application, accidental addition or deletion of data may cause havok

You can neglect contrainst on tables which can be re-created or information loss can be subsituted in some other way, but for primary tables / masters i do not recommend this.

 

by: Mr_PeerapolPosted on 2006-08-22 at 06:06:52ID: 17363361

> He strongly believes that check constrained systems hit a wall and grind to a halt as you scale up, and that the benefits or not having
> them outweigh the benefits of having them.  

If all contraint checkings are done at client side, he's correct about the performance.
But, what about 2 concurrent connections are trying to insert the record with the same unique key? Only server contraints (i.e. unique key constraint) can give you 100% sure of data consistency.

I'm 100% against all client-side.

20120131-EE-VQP-002

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