Question

why a subinterface on cisco router

Asked by: jomfra

hello expert,

I am struggling to understand the concept of subinterface on a router.

we recently had a local isp configure our new cisco 1841 router for frame-relay connect to our head office

router.

The local phone company has provided one PVC, because this is suboffice to head office connection.

From the configuration below i notice the tech has configured a subinterface and assign the serial ip

address to this interface.

when i ask him to explain why configure a subinterface when the physical serial interface could

have been use for the configuration.

His responsed, he use the graphical wizard to do the configuration and during the process was prompted to

configure a subinterface.

I do think there is no justification for a subinterface, since there is one one PVC for this

particular connection ( rosignol to head office).

I am total confuse about this entire  concept of subinterface.

can any expert review the above and provide suggestions

I have attach below a the suboffice router running configuration.

Thanks





Rosignol RUNNING-CONFIGURATION




Current configuration : 2433 bytes


!
version 12.4
no service pad
service tcp-keepalives-in
service tcp-keepalives-out
service timestamps debug datetime msec localtime show-timezone
service timestamps log datetime msec localtime show-timezone
service password-encryption
service sequence-numbers
!
hostname Rosignol
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
security authentication failure rate 3 log
security passwords min-length 6
logging buffered 51200 debugging
logging console critical

!
no aaa new-model
!
resource policy
!
clock timezone PCTime -4
mmi polling-interval 60
no mmi auto-configure
no mmi pvc
mmi snmp-timeout 180
ip subnet-zero
no ip source-route
ip cef
!
!
ip tcp synwait-time 10
no ip dhcp use vrf connected
!
!
no ip bootp server
ip domain name yourdomain.com
!

!
!
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
 description $ETH-SW-LAUNCH$$INTF-INFO-FE 0$$ES_LAN$$FW_INSIDE$$ETH-LAN$
 ip address 208.130.5.3 255.255.255.0
 ip helper-address 208.130.1.2
 no ip redirects
 no ip unreachables
 no ip proxy-arp
 ip route-cache flow
 duplex auto
 speed auto
 no mop enabled
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
 no ip address
 no ip redirects
 no ip unreachables
 no ip proxy-arp
 ip route-cache flow
 shutdown
 duplex auto
 speed auto
 no mop enabled
!
interface Serial0/0/0
 no ip address
 no ip redirects
 no ip unreachables
 no ip proxy-arp
 encapsulation frame-relay
 ip route-cache flow
!
>>interface Serial0/0/0.1 point-to-point
>> description Frame Relay to Head Office
>> ip address 208.130.4.4 255.255.255.0
>> no cdp enable
>> frame-relay interface-dlci 16 IETF
!
ip classless
ip route 208.130.1.0 255.255.255.0 208.130.4.1
ip route 208.130.2.0 255.255.255.0 208.130.4.2
ip route 208.130.3.0 255.255.255.0 208.130.4.3
!
ip http server
ip http authentication local
ip http timeout-policy idle 60 life 86400 requests 10000
!
logging trap debugging
no cdp run
!
control-plane
!
banner login ^CAuthorized access only!
 Disconnect IMMEDIATELY if you are not an authorized user!^C
!
line con 0
 login local
 transport output telnet
line aux 0
 timeout login response 15
 login local
 modem Dialin
 transport input telnet
 transport output telnet
 stopbits 1
 speed 38400
 flowcontrol hardware
line vty 0 4
 privilege level 15
 login local
 transport input telnet
line vty 5 15
 privilege level 15
 login local
 transport input telnet
!
scheduler allocate 4000 1000
end

Rosignol#


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Asked On
2007-09-18 at 13:02:35ID22837084
Tags

cisco

,

subinterface

,

router

Topics

Frame Relay

,

Network Routers

Participating Experts
2
Points
500
Comments
6

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Answers

 

by: mikebernhardtPosted on 2007-09-18 at 13:13:27ID: 19916203

there are 2 benefits:
1. It permits easy expansion should you need to add another PVC later.
2. It eliminates many configuration issues such as the need for mapping the DLCI to an IP address, broadcasting, etc. these things happen automatically by assigning the DLCI to the subinterface.

There's no downside!

 

by: lrmoorePosted on 2007-09-18 at 13:17:38ID: 19916238

This is standard practice when creating frame-relay connections.
Yes, it is technically possible to use just the primary interface, but for ease of scalability, we generally start the first PVC on a sub-interface. If you ever need to add a 2nd PVC, just add another sub-if.
General practice is to use sub-if for all point-point PVC's and primary interface on point-multipoint frame-relay connections (rare any more).
"Because the wizard prompted me" is not a good answer and I would be wary of hiring this installer again.

The route statements and the serial configuration look suspicous to me.
You only have 2 endpoints on a point-point link. Your's and the other end. Your route statement show 3 static routes to 3 different endpoints at the other end of the PVC - strange indeed.
We also do not use /24 subnets on point-to-point FR PVC's. Typically it is a /30 subnet since there can only be two nodes.
No default route configured?  Does this configuration even work at all?

 

by: mikebernhardtPosted on 2007-09-18 at 13:22:11ID: 19916278

Good catch on the static routes. I suspect the head office has multiple PVCs and the tech created a static route to the LAN at each of the other sites. But a far better solution is a single default route, and let the head office router figure it out.

 

by: jomfraPosted on 2007-09-19 at 05:05:45ID: 19919847

hello irmoore,

this configuration works the rosignol suboffice and head office are able

to comminucate okay

>> Your route statement show 3 static routes to 3 different endpoints at the other end of the PVC - strange indeed.

could elaborate on th statement

the static routes was included to allow packs to the other destinations.

the are four other sub office in our frame-relay pool

and head office is configure to talk to each .

the rosignol suboffice can quickly be allow to connect to the other suboffice

by asking the local telephone company to build the resp PVC to the desirable

suboffice.

hope the above can be follow if not i will map out the inter suboffice communication.

thanks

 

by: jomfraPosted on 2007-09-19 at 06:14:52ID: 19920284

hello Irmoore,

Correction to earlier post

>> the are four other sub office in our frame-relay pool

It should read the are three suboffice and head office in our frame-relay

pool a TOTAL of four locations.




The communication pool consists of head office and three other suboffice.

The head office router has static routes for all suboffice.

For each location the local telephone office build a VC as follows:-

head office to new amsterdam

head office to linden

head off to rosignol

Our database and other server are all house at head office, hence

all traffic is directed to head office to retrieve resources.

We have have included static routes in all the suboffice routers mapped to

the other suboffice .

Example the rosignol sub office ( refer the running-config printout )

there are static mapping

 for new amsterdam                208.130.2.0 255.255.255.0 208.130.4.2
              inden                         208.130.3.0 255.255.255.0 208.130.4.3
              head office                 208.130.1.0 255.255.255.0 208.130.4.1

new amsterdam sub office static  mappings will be
 
                                        linden          208.130.3.0  255.255.255.0 208.130.4.3
                                        head office  208.130.1.0  255.255.255.0 208.130.4.1
                                        rosignol       208.130.5.0  255.255.255.0 208.130.4.4

and the linden suboffice  follows the same pattern.

In the current setup if we place another database  server in suboffice (eg new amsterdam)

and clients  from linden suboffice wants to access resources the traffic is routed

thru head office router  to the server at new amsterdam.

If for some reason head office router is out of commission the clients will

not be able to access info from the new amsterdam office,

because there are no V.C from new amsterdam to any two suboffice

The V.C exist between HEAD OFFICE AND NEW AMSTERDAM.

All that is now need is for the local telephone company build a V.C

from linden to new amsterdam and since all the suboffice router has knowledge

each subnet traffic can now be routed thru linden router.

The above may sound confusing and may be look awkward to configure

but we did this simulation before and it work okay.

Any suggestion on a more simple configuration?

perhaps by appling subinterface configuration might prove less confusing.

Regards

Jomo


 


                   
 

 

by: mikebernhardtPosted on 2007-09-19 at 10:01:57ID: 19922434

In order for that to add the additional PVC, the subinterface type will need to be changed at New Amsterdam and Linden to point-to-multipint from the current point-to-point. Other than that what you've said makes sense, I think.

You've proven to yourself why subinterfaces are usually better than physical interfaces for frame relay. They provide far more flexibility. If you change the subinterface type as I said, and add the new DLCI to it for the additonal PVC, everything will just work.

20120131-EE-VQP-002

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