Question

Vlan configurations

Asked by: rbmacct

Hardware:

Cisco ASA 5510 (Firewall)
Cisco 2801 (Router/Gateway)
Core Switch (Rack 1)  Force10 48 port
Switch (VMware Rack 2)  Force10 48 port
Switch (2nd Server Room)  Force10 48 port
Lan Room  Dell PowerConnects (unmanaged)

Current Topology:

We are using a flat network (10.1.1.0/24). We are about 10 IPs away from being completely out. Hence one of the reasons for this project.

What Im trying to achieve.

Im trying to split  up my 2nd Server Room switch into Vlans.

The vlans are:
Vlan 11  10.1.1.0/24 (already apart of the existing network)
Vlan 12  10.1.2.0/24
Vlan 13  10.1.3.0/24
Vlan 14  10.1.4.0/24

I have created those vlans on both the 2nd server room switch and the core switch. I can ping from the 2nd server room switch over to the core switch on the various networks.

I can and cant dos
Cant ping 10.1.1.1 (Core Switch) from 10.1.2.254 or 10.1.3.254 (2nd Server Room Switch)
Cant ping 10.1.1.14 (Core Switch) from 10.1.2.254 or 10.1.3.254 (2nd Server Room Switch)
CAN ping 10.1.2.253 (Core switch) from 10.1.2.254 (2nd Server Room Switch)
CAN ping 10.1.1.254 Core Switch) from 10.1.3.253 (2nd Server Room Switch)
Cant ping 10.1.1.14 (Core Switch) from 10.1.2.253 (Core Switch)

I was on the phone TAC today and they stated I needed to add static routes on my DHCP server for the BOOTP replies to be routed back to the proper destinations. I dont completely believe this. However from the above you can easily see that I cant ping from vlan to vlan within the same switch.

However each switch and ping the other switches vlan IP.

These all came up since I couldnt get an IP address from the other subnets from DHCP although its setup correctly and the switches are configured with the dhcp relay. This problem is within the switch somewhere. These switches dont need manual route entries since they do inter-switch vlaning.

Hopefully Im just missing something small here.

Any help would be greatly appreciated.




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Asked On
2009-11-05 at 22:06:40ID24877151
Tags

Vlan Switching

Topics

Network Design & Methodology

,

Network Operations

,

Network Switches & Hubs

Participating Experts
3
Points
500
Comments
9

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Answers

 

by: ISoulPosted on 2009-11-05 at 22:32:11ID: 25757016

The primary purpose of VLANs are to separate network segments from each other, so by default, one VLAN should not have access to another VLAN.

Where you would add permissions between VLANs is on the firewall. You would need to specify access list rules for which VLANs have access to which VLANs.

 

by: rbmacctPosted on 2009-11-05 at 22:36:16ID: 25757039

So all my current clients have a Gateway address of 10.1.1.1 which is the inside interface of the router. But you're saying that if I put a client on the 10.1.2.0/24 network and it has a gateway of the Vlan IP (10.1.2.254). How would I know to go up to (10.101.1.254) inside interface of the ASA?

I setup a test configuration a few months ago, and I could of swore that I could ping/access from one subnet to another within 1 switch without having to add any ACL's to the firewall that was directly connected to the same switch.

 

by: ISoulPosted on 2009-11-05 at 22:40:59ID: 25757076

There should be a default route on the gateway to send everything through the firewall...

 

by: rbmacctPosted on 2009-11-05 at 22:50:25ID: 25757127

How does the switches know to pass the traffic up to 10.1.1.1 if there is no reference to it on the switches and the clients have a gateway address of something other than 10.1.1.1? Since they will be getting the GW IP of their respected subnets/vlan's their placed in?

 

by: ISoulPosted on 2009-11-05 at 23:29:07ID: 25757292

Each switch should have an IP, and also a default route which goes to the router/firewall. The switch should be connected to each other and the router through a trunk port.

 

by: prvnkumarkPosted on 2009-11-05 at 23:41:31ID: 25757340

HI,
If your Switch is Layer3 switch then you can create virtaul interface each vlan and you can give ip add for it and they can act as your default gateway. In firewall you have to do reverse routing.

Regards,
Praveen

 

by: rbmacctPosted on 2009-11-09 at 09:19:56ID: 25777928

I'm having a problem getting my other vlans (10.1.2.0 and 10.1.3.0) to the internet. If you look at the diagram I can reach the router interface (10.1.1.1) but nothing on the other side like (10.101.1.253 outside interface of route) and (10.101.1.254 inside interface of firewall). So I would assume this is the issue for no internet access since I can't even ping up into that network from 10.1.2.0 and 10.1.3.0.

Below are my routes for the 2 devices:

Cisco ASA

C    64.162.45.0 255.255.255.0 is directly connected, outside
S    10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 [1/0] via 10.101.1.253, inside
S    10.2.1.0 255.255.255.0 [1/0] via 64.132.35.209, outside
S    10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 [1/0] via 10.101.1.253, inside
C    10.101.1.0 255.255.255.0 is directly connected, inside
S    10.100.1.232 255.255.255.255 [1/0] via 64.132.35.209, outside
S    10.100.1.231 255.255.255.255 [1/0] via 64.132.35.209, outside
S*   0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 [1/0] via 64.162.45.209, outside

Cisco Router


ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.101.1.254
ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.254
ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.101.1.254


Any assistance would be appreciated.




 

by: rbmacctPosted on 2009-11-09 at 13:45:38ID: 25780465

I believe I have it figured out. Below are the routes I've added to the firewall, router and core switch. I hope this comes in handy for someone else.

Router

Gateway of last resort is 10.101.1.254 to network 0.0.0.0

     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 5 subnets
S       10.1.3.0 [1/0] via 10.1.1.254
S       10.1.2.0 [1/0] via 10.1.1.254
C       10.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
S       10.1.4.0 [1/0] via 10.1.1.254
C       10.101.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.101.1.254

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.101.1.254
ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.254
ip route 10.1.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.254
ip route 10.1.4.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.254

Firewall

Gateway of last resort is 64.162.45.209 to network 0.0.0.0

C    64.132.35.0 255.255.255.0 is directly connected, outside
S    10.1.3.0 255.255.255.0 [1/0] via 10.101.1.253, inside
S    10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 [1/0] via 10.101.1.253, inside
S    10.2.1.0 255.255.255.0 [1/0] via 64.132.35.209, outside
S    10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 [1/0] via 10.101.1.253, inside
S    10.1.4.0 255.255.255.0 [1/0] via 10.101.1.253, inside
C    10.101.1.0 255.255.255.0 is directly connected, inside
S    10.100.1.233 255.255.255.255 [1/0] via 64.132.35.209, outside
S    10.100.1.232 255.255.255.255 [1/0] via 64.132.35.209, outside
S    10.100.1.231 255.255.255.255 [1/0] via 64.132.35.209, outside
S*   0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 [1/0] via 64.162.45.209, outside

route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 64.162.45.209 1
route inside 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.101.1.253 1
route inside 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.101.1.253 1
route inside 10.1.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.101.1.253 1
route inside 10.1.4.0 255.255.255.0 10.101.1.253 1

Core-Switch

       Destination        Gateway                      Dist/Metric Last Change
       -----------        -------                      ----------- -----------
 *S    0.0.0.0/0          via 10.1.1.1, Vl 11                  1/0    01:17:53
  C    10.1.1.0/24        Direct, Vl 11                        0/0        6w2d
  C    10.1.2.0/24        Direct, Vl 12                        0/0        4d7h
  C    10.1.3.0/24        Direct, Vl 13                        0/0        4d7h
  S    10.101.1.0/24      via 10.1.1.1, Vl 11                  1/0    02:10:56

ip route 0.0.0.0/0 10.1.1.1
ip route 10.101.1.0/24 10.1.1.1

 

by: pgr09Posted on 2009-11-10 at 16:04:04ID: 25791342

Hi - not sure if you got everything fully sussed out however this is a possible solution to this problem.

You need to essentially create a default gateway for each of your VLAN subnets.  To do this, you can split the Fa0/0 interface of the 2801 router into sub-interfaces:

interface fa0/0.11
    encapsulation dot1q 11
    ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
interface fa0/0.12
    encapsulation dot1q 12
    ip address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0
interface fa0/0.13
    encapsulation dot1q 13
    ip address 10.1.3.1 255.255.255.0
interface fa0/0.14
    encapsulation dot1q 14
    ip address 10.1.4.1 255.255.255.0

This allows a single physical interface to appear as 4 separate interfaces for the purpose of providing default gateways for each of your subnets.  You will need to change the switch configuration for the port connected to the router to put it in 'trunk' mode.  If its a cisco switch just go into the interface and type 'switchport mode trunk'.

All you will need to do then is change your dhcp configuration to allocate addresses from the correct subnet.  If you just have the one DHCP server which appears to be on vlan 11, you will just need to go into the .12, .13 and .14 sub-interfaces and issue an ip-helper address command to relay DHCP requests.

Hope that is of some help.

20120131-EE-VQP-002

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