Question

Partition Suggestions Needed

Asked by: rscurley

I have a server with 2-250 GB drives in a hardware RAID1 setup, and then another 6-250GB drives in a hardware RAID10 configuration.  System is to run RHEL 5.4, and has 16GB of RAM.  The system is to be used as a database server running Intersystems Cache database.  Looking for suggestions on the best partitioning for this system

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Asked On
2009-09-03 at 19:02:29ID24706630
Tags

RHEL

,

partitioning

,

RAID

,

InterSystems Cache

Topics

Databases Miscellaneous

,

Red Hat Linux

,

Linux Setup

Participating Experts
2
Points
400
Comments
5

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Answers

 

by: mrcustardPosted on 2009-09-03 at 20:16:53ID: 25256635

I would do this:

Raid 1

/boot  =  100MB
/var    =   5GB
/swap =  32GB
/tmp    = 10GB
/home = 200GB
/          = what ever is left

Raid 10

/<database partition> = separate the partitions as needed

The os doesn't really need much, but I like to give enough room for logs (var), tmp, and home. Here's why:

/var - logs can build up quickly if there are issues, if you deal with application teams they will write as many logs as they can without regard to how much space is actually on the server. Mail for the server is also stored on this partition so if you are using the local mail MTA for alerts and there is a problem, mail will stack up on the partition.

/tmp - just good practice - you never know what or who will write something here. Some Oracle guys like to use the /tmp partition.
/home - when people download and install software - this is where the generally store it ... it will make your users more comfortable.

hope this helps!

 

by: it4sohoPosted on 2009-09-04 at 07:22:37ID: 25259923

To add my 2-cents worth... I have never found much use for separating out the /boot, /var, and /tmp filesystems. The practice harkens back to the day when a 100MB hard drive was considered HUGE! What's more, the assumption above is that "most" of your storage would be on the / (root) partition -- VERY bad form!

The general reason for all of the partitioning schemes before was to separate "user" files from "system" files. The / (root) partition will have several directory trees that house the *nix system files (like /dev, /etc, /bin, /sbin, /usr, /opt and a few more). Putting THOSE directories into your "main storage bin" is not recommended.

Because you have so much space available, I personally would allocate 20GB for root, 32GB for swap, the REST of the RAID1 array (roughly 180GB) as /home (for non-database files), and then partition the RAID10 array as needed for your database(s). (NOTE: I'm not being specific here because you haven't been specific about how many databases or db applications you're intending to run.) Just for "show", I'll say allocate all 750 raw GB into a single partition at /data.

More important than the partitions, IMHO, is your choice of filesystems. I would make the root (which in my scheme houses /boot, /etc, /bin, /tmp, /var, and the rest) an ext3 filesystem -- but I would then make the /home and /data partitions XFS filesystems -- faster access, better recovery options, and faster fsck on those few days you'll have to run it.

Now before I get slammed by everyone else that THEIR way is better, let me re-re-re-iterate that choosing your partitioning scheme and filesystems is akin to choosing your operating system -- which is to say EVERYONE has a different opinion, and clearly everyone else's opinion is based upon lies, falsehoods, misunderstandings, or plain and simple idiocy... (that's sarcasm, if you didn't recognize it).  That being said, my opinion is worth exactly what you paid for it!

Good Luck!

Dan
IT4SOHO

 

by: mrcustardPosted on 2009-09-04 at 07:35:43ID: 25260096

If you decide to do it the way mentioned above there's nothing wrong with that - just make sure that your reserves are set properly so that if a disk fills up, root can still get in and remove files, etc ... otherwise you will have to boot either in single usermode or using a boot cd.

To make sure reserves are set use:

tune2fs -m <reserved blocks percentage>

so for example you can do:

tune2fs -m 1 which will set your reserved blocks to 1%

 

by: it4sohoPosted on 2009-09-04 at 08:23:21ID: 25260530

I hate to contradict mrcustard again, but the issues with being locked out of a system because the root filesystem was full (and thus /tmp and /var entries could not be made) were resolved out of Linux, Solaris, HP-UX, and even AIX nearly a decade ago! I know this because my courseware on Solaris & Linux Administration for Learning Tree International had to be updated back in 1999 to reflect MY being corrected on this matter by a student... I too used to warn students about the dangers of allowing / to become full... but the OS writing gurus made their systems MUCH more fault tolerant.  

NOTE: I also used to teach separating out all those partitions -- but once we started using 40 and 80GB hard drives, I was forced to re-evaluate the rationale, and I began recommending system builds with just 3 partitions (root, swap, and home).

Back in 1999, a terabyte of SCSI storage took a massive RAID array that would cost millions of dollars (LITERALLY!) I sold them (I was working with EMC at the time) That was 30 36GB SCSI drives, or 60 of them if you wanted RAID-1 data protection!. Today, I very nearly asked the original poster (rscurley) WHY he was using such SMALL drives (ONLY 250GB!). He could likely get better, faster storage out of a pair of 1TB drives in a RAID-1 array than he'll get out of the 6-250GB drives in the RAID-10 array! But, who knows -- maybe the 250GB drives are already on-hand! I chose not to question that....

Back to booting with a full filesystem. While you'll certainly not continue to get full functionality, the root user can successfully login to a CLI console with 0 bytes free on the root partition "these days". From there, the offending log files (or tmp files) can be removed and the system should be able to recover... although a reboot after such a "rescue and repair" is strongly recommended.

With regards to the "reserved" space... unless you specifically say so, the mkfs script for ext3 "reserves" 5% of disk space for "root access only" by default... which is STILL a heck of a lot of space these days... more than 10GB on a formatted 250GB hard drive... but at least it's less than the 10% that USED to be the default! *HOWEVER* the "root reserve" won't affect the ability of the system to fill up the root partition with entries in places like /tmp and /var/log because BY FAR, the majority of the data stored there is done by processes running as root -- so they're exempt from the filesystem restrictions to begin with!

Finally, in my example above, since ext3 is ONLY to be used on /, and since "standard" users should have precious little write access to /, the value of the "reserve" setting should be immaterial. What's more, since a typical Linux (RHEL5.3 -- I haven't seen 5.4 yet) should take no more than about 5-8GB, the 20GB I recommended should be capable of keeping some HUMONGOUS log files! :-)

So... I stand by my earlier recommendations without modification....

Dan
IT4SOHO

 

by: rscurleyPosted on 2009-09-04 at 23:42:51ID: 31624772

As you said, everyone will have a different idea on this, and I like your explanation of your suggestion.

20120131-EE-VQP-002

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