I'm basically restating what CrisHanna stated...
First, all licensing advice here should be double checked with Microsoft; answers provided here will not be considered a valid defense if you fail a software licensing audit.
Second, as stated, it's not about CONCURRENT usage. If you have 50 POSSIBLE users and you want to license PER USER, then you need 50 CALs - even if you only have one computer they intend to use to access the network. If your users will ONLY use work computers and you ONLY have 25 work computers, then you would get 25 DEVICE licenses. It's generally easier (and safer) to license by user except in very specific environments.
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by: CrisHanna_MVPPosted on 2009-11-04 at 20:18:19ID: 25746739
Cals are not about concurrent usage. Cals are either User, mean a CAL belongs to a single user and remains with that user until that user leaves the company. It does not become available again when that user logs off the system However you can also have DEVICE cals, meaning if you only have 25 computers and 2 shifts so people are sharing computers then you would purchase 25 devices CALs.
So, if you have more USERS than computers and Users are sharing computers, then buy device cals for each each computer you have.
If you have equal number of users and computers or if users use multiple computers/laptops/smartpho
You can mix USER and DEVICE CALs but you really should either get with a local Small Business Specialist or call Microsoft Licensing and get the specifics for your situation