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01.03.2008 at 02:26PM PST, ID: 23057108
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AIX 5.3 and Memory Usage
Zone: IBM AIX Unix
Tags: IBM, AIX Server, Unsure, Has 16 GB ram, OS - AIX, NA, NA
After much testing of an application which was consuming ungodly amounts of memory, we have determined that every time the product uses it's data cache, the cache is left in memory and never cleared until a reboot of the server.  Shutting down the application does not clear it.  Can you think of any setting in the last couple of releases of AIX that would cause this behavior?
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Question Stats
Zone: OS
Question Asked By: Angela_Wilcox
Solution Provided By: Kdo
Participating Experts: 3
Solution Grade: A
Views: 225
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01.03.2008 at 05:05PM PST, ID: 20578890

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01.04.2008 at 01:48AM PST, ID: 20580812

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01.04.2008 at 03:11AM PST, ID: 20581076

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01.04.2008 at 05:01AM PST, ID: 20581648

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01.04.2008 at 05:16AM PST, ID: 20581787

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01.04.2008 at 05:35AM PST, ID: 20581961

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01.04.2008 at 06:35AM PST, ID: 20582410

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01.04.2008 at 06:39AM PST, ID: 20582448

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01.04.2008 at 06:46AM PST, ID: 20582511

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01.04.2008 at 06:50AM PST, ID: 20582576

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01.07.2008 at 08:34AM PST, ID: 20600675

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01.07.2008 at 10:30AM PST, ID: 20601665

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01.03.2008 at 05:05PM PST, ID: 20578890

Rank: Master

AIX is a stable operating system and it is unlikely it has memory leak. Capture the output of svmon and ps. Study the storage utilzaton of the highest memory usage PID and report the problem to application developer. According to my experience, usually they are sybase or oracle PID.

Sample output of SVMON
     Pid Command        Inuse      Pin     Pgsp  Virtual   64-bit    Mthrd
   27954 xxedi           7579     1485     7177     9004        N        N

  Vsid     Esid Type Description           Inuse   Pin Pgsp Virtual Addr Range
 38b7c        2 work process private        3069     1 5605  6469   0..6496 :
                                                                    65309..65535
 30018        d work shared library text    2304     0  151   160   0..65535
     0        0 work kernel seg             1810  1484 1372  2326   0..21860 :
                                                                    65474..65535
 26653        - pers /dev/amtrix:55355       210     0    -     -   0..259
 1a74d        1 pers code,/dev/amtrix:230    117     0    -     -   0..151
 36b7b        f work shared library data      40     0   49    49   0..897
 1e7af        - pers /dev/amtrix:4898         16     0    -     -   0..18
 3c7de        - pers /dev/amtrix:4543         13     0    -     -   0..18
 1a80d        - pers /dev/amtrix:12635         0     0    -     -
 32779        - pers /dev/amtrix:10283         0     0    -     -   0..0
   800        - pers /dev/amtrix:426149        0     0    -     -   0..17

Explanation of the output of ps vg | pg
RSS  - Real Memory Resident Size in 1KB
SIZE - Size of Page space in 1KB -à
       SVMON virtual (work process private + work shared library data
    Shmat/mmap) *4
TSIZ - Size of text (shared-program) image.
TRS  - Size of resident set (real memory) of text
TIME - The total execution time of the process
PGIN - (v flag) The number of disk I/Os resulting from references by the process to
       pages not loaded in core.

$svmon Pu > svmon.txt
$ ps vg | pg > vg.txt
           PID  TTY STAT  TIME  PGIN  SIZE   RSS   LIM  TSIZ   TRS %CPU %MEM COMMAND
r4edi
         27954    - A     1:33  6003 26060 13416 65536   546   468  0.0  1.0
         27954    - A     1:34  6096 26072 13716 65536   546   468  0.0  1.0
29 16:12 27954    - A     1:34  6096 26072 13116 65536   546   468  0.0  1.0
29 18:06 27954    - A     1:38  6888 26268  9116 65536   546   432  0.0  0.0
29 18:25 27954    - A     1:39  7110 26272  9796 65536   546   432  0.0  0.0
30 09:17 27954    - A     3:32 11276 36024 22568 65536   546   428  0.1  1.0
30 11:20 27954    - A     3:52 13004 36344 17784 65536   546   472  0.1  1.0
30 11:44 27954    - A     4:04 14081 37708 22340 65536   546   468  0.1  1.0
30 14:28 27954    - A     4:48 16478 37976 25656 65536   546   400  0.1  1.0
30 14:54 27954    - A     4:51 16790 37976 22900 65536   546   456  0.1  1.0
30 16:04 27954    - A     4:53 17634 38144 25700 65536   546   468  0.1  1.0

procengine
30 09:17 53160    - A     4:50  2895 31484  3776 65536    81    72  0.1  0.0
30 09:51 53160    - A     4:52  2946 31508  3792 65536    81    72  0.1  0.0
30 11:20 53160    - A     4:54  3042 31536  3884 65536    81    72  0.1  0.0
30 11:44 53160    - A     4:54  3072 31540  3772 65536    81    72  0.1  0.0
30 14:28 53160    - A     5:05  3121 31792  3944 65536    81    88  0.1  0.0
30 16:04 53160    - A     5:09  3384 31792  4276 65536    81    80  0.1  0.0

xxedi
29 16:12 39996    - A     5:20 10280 27576 15240 65536   546   432  0.1  1.0
29 18:06 39996    - A     5:50 10640 28932 17820 65536   546   432  0.1  1.0
29 18:25 39996    - A     6:19 10691 29756 18672 65536   546   432  0.1  1.0
30 09:17 39996    - A     6:21 14156 29892 17532 65536   546   428  0.1  1.0
30 11:20 39996    - A     9:03 15933 32888 19144 65536   546   472  0.1  1.0
30 11:44 39996    - A     9:13 17607 32888 22836 65536   546   456  0.1  1.0
30 14:28 39996    - A     9:24 17923 32888 21892 65536   546   400  0.1  1.0
30 18:xx 39996    - A    11:12 22041 35544 24712 65536   546   432  0.1  1.0

logger
30 16:09 59858    - A     1:26 19142 11564  6632 65536   270   176  0.0  0.0
30 17:38 59858    - A     1:28 19490 11564  3316 65536   270   176  0.0  0.0

queue
30 16:09 59344    - A    16:51  9023   916   584 65536   147   120  0.2  0.0
30 17:38 59344    - A    17:15  9240   916   516 65536   147   112  0.2  0.0
 
01.04.2008 at 01:48AM PST, ID: 20580812

Rank: Guru

You said: "After much testing of an application which was consuming ungodly amounts of memory"
Simon says: So what? The only way I can think of this as a problem is if either (a) the application is competing with other applications for memory and somehow "winning" or (b) the application is competing with itself for memory ie paging too much so that performance is impacted. If I have a 64GB memory server or LPAR and my application "uses" 56GB at peak, that sounds like a lot but it is no using too much for that server or LPAR.

You said: "we have determined that every time the product uses it's data cache, the cache is left in memory and never cleared until a reboot of the server."
Simon says: How have you determined this? What tools did you use? AIX documentation refers to working and persistent memory - working memory is backed by paging, persistent is backed by the filesystem. In either case, memory is not "cleared" until it is unused. If memory contention occurs changed data is either paged out or flushed to the filesystem.

You said: "Shutting down the application does not clear it."
Simon says: AIX does not "clear" data from memory ie overwrite it until it needs it for other uses. If memory is freed, then it is added to the free list, as on any other UNIX type OS. So the question becomes, why is the memory not being freed? Is there a part of your application that is not "shutting down" and is holding onto memory?

You said: "Can you think of any setting in the last couple of releases of AIX that would cause this behavior?"
Simon says: So, is this a change in bahaviour? What releases of AIX has the application been tested on? Which ones show the behaviour you are concerned with? Has the app been tested on other OSs? If so, do they show the same behaviour?
 
01.04.2008 at 03:11AM PST, ID: 20581076
Simon had good questions:
Yes - it is a problem.  Within minites of starting a nightly cycle we have used up all physical memory and are into paging to the point of severe degredation and on multiple occasions crashing of the system.

Tools: Our midrange tam working in conjunction with IBM have monitored this with pretty much every tool that IBM has available.  It has been determined multiple times to not be a memory leak of the OS.

Why is memory not being freed?  That is exactly what we are trying to figure out.  If we run the exact same processes on WIndows servers - we do not see this behavior.  If we go back to version 4.8 of the OS we do not see this behavior.

The vendor has 8000 customers.  We are the only one showing this behavior.  This tool is used by most fortune 500 companies so we are not alone in running large sets of applications and databases.

It feels to me like it is an AIX setting or feature.  If we ran only one process at a time it would probably not be an issue - but we set off a nightly stream to build 40 databases - often with the stream running in parallel during various portions of the build.  So being in paging 32 GB for 8 straight hours does nothing for our performance to say the least.
 
01.04.2008 at 05:01AM PST, ID: 20581648

Rank: Master

Hi Angela,

Moving from DBA to Unix Admin, huh?  :^}

Without a memory leak, memory WILL be returned to the O/S free pool as soon as the task hold it ends.  Since your tools are showing no memory leak(s), we need to look somewhere else.

My guess is that a child task is getting hung up.  The child task is mapped shares some of the same memory as its parent, or is mapped over a common region causing the memory to not be freed as THIS task is holding it.  Keep in mind that it may not be the parent's child task.  It may be the parent's child's child so a 'ps -ef' doesn't show a direct link to the original parent.  This suggests that the thread/task model is slightly different in the new version of AIX.  Probably a stray bit not being initialized/cleared.


Good Luck,
Kent
 
01.04.2008 at 05:16AM PST, ID: 20581787
Hi Kent - yes - Unix Admin and I know so very little.  So a little more.  The application we are working with is Hyperion's Essbase, if you are familiar at all.  For years - we have run multiple databases refreshing nightly without issues.  About a year ago, we got a new set of servers - and then of course continued to upgrade the OS on a regular basis.  It was then that we noticed this bahavior.  The application version has remained the same - in fact - we just downloaded the new version to see if it was a memory leak issue on their end.  So in my test scenario - I fire everything up - and the system to run all applications is at 18% memory usage.  If I run a single large app (and we have 40) - the load uses 3% but returns it all when done.  The calc though - uses 35% and does not free it up - even if I take the application itself out of memory.  How it uses it is that essbase data is compressed in a proprietary algorithm.  When it goes to work with a data block - it brings it into a data cache and uncompresses it.  During the aggregation process - this happens thousands of times.  I set cache small yesterday so I could watch it - and Ic ould actually see the memory go up in 3MB increments - the size of my cache.  Since all else is turned off or set to system defaults - I know it is this cache that uses the memory.  But - after calc is completed and db is unloaded from memory - it used to free up the memory.  Now it does not clear that memory until I either reboot the server - which clears it up - or I clear the application - which also clears it up.  I think clearing the application frees it up because they have a cleanup routine built into their delete.  I intially believed it was the application's issue and have had some not so nice discussions with their support area.  But the fact that no one else has this issue... realistically points back to our environment and us.  So... if a child task is getting hung up - how would I go about figuring that out?  Probably overkill on detail.  
Angie
 
01.04.2008 at 05:35AM PST, ID: 20581961

Rank: Master

Hi Angela,

Angie, huh?  I'll remember.....

Your description is exactly in line with my expectations.  When you "clear the application" the memory is released.  This amounts to killing the task that is holding the memory.  Now, if we can isolate the problem, we'll still have to convince IBM or Hyperion to correct the issue, but that's down the line.

- How long does it take to clear the application?  sub-second?  seconds?  minutes?  The shorter that interval, the better our test will be.

- Can you clear the application with a script or is there a graceful shutdown procedure that you need to follow?

Basically, what I want to do is "snapshot" the running tasks before and after shutdown.  If you can, try running this two or three times:

Create a script with the following:

# Shutdown and snapshot script
ps -ef > $1.a
shutdown application
ps -ef > $1.b


Then run it as:

  shutdown_script.sh t1

restart the application, create the memory issue

 shutdown_script.sh t2

This will create the file pair t1.a / t1.b and t2.a / t2.b.  We want to do a diff on the pairs and see what tasks dropped.  Then we could have some idea about another task holding the memory.


Kent
 
01.04.2008 at 06:35AM PST, ID: 20582410
OK - I will get on this - may be Monday before I complete as today is really my day off in my cushy 4 day week job!  :)  Thanks so much!!!  Will get back to you Monday.
 
01.04.2008 at 06:39AM PST, ID: 20582448

Rank: Master

Hi Angie,

4-day week job?

That means that you're free the rest of today?  Cool.  I could sure use a Supreme, thin-crust pizza.  As long as you're "free" today, can you deliver?


  :^}

 
01.04.2008 at 06:46AM PST, ID: 20582511
4 10's - I love it... hmm we do actually have a pizza joint out here in the sticks down by the Bridge.  But I think it would be cold by time I delivered it!
 
01.04.2008 at 06:50AM PST, ID: 20582576

Rank: Master

Hi Angela_Wilcox,


You've obviously been non-single for entirely too long.  That's what microwaves are for.  :^}


Men, regardless of actual marital status have the "bachelor gene" and just naturallly understand that.

Plus a microwave is considered "consumer electronics".  Men don't have to understand it.  They just buy it and test all the buttons.


   ;)
 
01.07.2008 at 08:34AM PST, ID: 20600675
After running tests this morning - we discovered that there is nothing in the ps -ef that shows up in after picture.  WHich tells us whatever is happening cannot be seen through a process id. My midrange team head gave me this tidbit:  It depends on how that data cache is represented by the application.  If the application makes a request for memory, the OS wont do anything with it (unless it needs to be paged to paging space due to low memory) until the application releases it (in C programming terms, a combination of malloc to request it and a free to release it).  ****If the data cache is actually a file, the OS will still try to keep it in memory and (here is the important part) will even try to keep it in memory once the application closes the file.  The idea is that recently used file data may be requested again by the same or a different program.****

It is that last part that I think is happening.  So is there a way to flush the memory?  
 
01.07.2008 at 10:30AM PST, ID: 20601665

Rank: Master


Hi Angie,

Check that syncd is running.  If so, also check its parameters.

Expounding on what your team head said, memory is a fairly complex item to manage.  On one level, memory comes in only two flavors -- shared or not.  When a program (task) ends, the non-shared memory is immediately returned to the free pool.

Shared memory handing is the next "what if" as there are several kinds of shared memory.  When a program spawns another task, the entire program becomes a form of shared memory.  The spawning of the task is simple.  Simply copy a minimal number of pages (perhaps as few as 1) to the new task and it's ready to go.  But ALL of the pages of the original task are pseudo-shared by the two tasks.  Unix doesn't copy the entire task to the new task.  All of the pages of the original task are marked with a 'copy on write' flag so that when a task goes to change memory, the page is copied to the task's non-shared memory and the change occurs there.  That prevents a task from changing memory and also affecting the parent/child task.

The next bit I'm a bit fuzzy on so I'm speaking on theory here.  If the parent task ends before the child task there's the issue of what to do with all of the pages of the parent task.  They may be marked 'copy on write' and no change has occurred to them so that the parent and child tasks do not yet have their own copies.  Yet there must be a provision for making the page accessible to the child if/when the child references that page.  By far the easiest solution is to keep the parent task 'alive' and copy the pages to the child if/when needed, closing the parent task only when all of its children terminate.  There are quite a few other solutions, but all have issues.

True "shared memory" has two more flavors.  Permanent and Temporary.  Permanent shared memory is mapped over a file.  When the task ends, the pages are flushed back to disk (written to the file) and are accessible by any other task that maps the same file.  Temporary shared memory is just that.  A region of virtual memory that is shared by several tasks.  There's nothing exceptional about it, except that it's hard to track.  (I'm sure that there are tools to query the kernel for shared memory information, but I don't know them.)

So going back to the original premise, ("If the data cache is actually a file, the OS will still try to keep it in memory and (here is the important part) will even try to keep it in memory once the application closes the file.  The idea is that recently used file data may be requested again by the same or a different program").  That's very true.  But it should have a similar affect on similar systems.  You're not seeing that.  Which makes me think that a task hasn't terminated properly OR the task has children that are still running.  Either way, the O/S can not release the memory as an active task may require it.  And a "slight disagreement" between the O/S and an application is a pretty common thing.  Knowing no more than I do about your situation, my money would be there.


Kent


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