Question

Freebsd 7 Network Bridge - Doesn't seem to be bridging

Asked by: cforger

Hello,
 
 I'm trying to setup a very simple bridge on my FreeBSD 7.2 machine.

 The eventual goal is to use pf to filter the bridge, so I have a transparent firewall.

 My first stage was to setup a simple bridge, let everything pass, and then start locking it down via pf, but I can't get the box to pass packets properly via the bridge.

 I'm not even worrying about the pf side of things at the moment, I just want to move packets between both members of the bridge.

 This is the network;

em0 - WAN side - I have 255 IP's, lets call them 1.2.3.0-1.2.3.255
em1 - LAN side
msk0 - LAN side, management IP

1.2.3.1 is the DSL router on the WAN side

My rc.conf has this;

cloned_interfaces="bridge0"
ifconfig_bridge0="addm em0 addm em1 up"
ifconfig_em0="up"
ifconfig_em1="up"
 
The bridge0 interface is created properly, and the interfaces are up.

At this point, attempting to ping any WAN addresses doesn't work - due to no route to host, which isn't entirely surprising, as I don't have any routing info.

I think the way around this is to assign an IP to the bridge0 interface? When I assign a WAN address to the bridge0 interface (say 1.2.3.3), I can ping any other LAN addresses on my LAN (say 1.2.3.2 which is a different machine), but I can't ping any WAN addresses on the network like the 1.2.3.1 router.
Pings to 1.2.3.1 just hang, no "no route to host" type messages. arp -a lists the proper mac address for 1.2.3.1 but it takes a long time to resolve.  It does say that 1.2.3.1 is on bridge0, along with 1.2.3.3 (the ip I assigned to bridge), and 1.2.3.2 (the other physical machine)

This means I'm dead in the water for getting out on the internet.

The box is clean, not been frigged with.  I had some simple NAT with pf running earlier, so I know it can route internet traffic, but that's all off right now.

I think I'm just not understanding something here, maybe trying to do the impossible. Anyone see the error in my method? What should I do next in terms of troubleshooting? Thanks.

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Asked On
2009-10-05 at 13:43:39ID24786962
Tags

FreeBSD

,

Bridge

,

if_bridge

,

Firewall

,

Routing

Topics

FreeBSD

,

Unix Operating Systems

,

Miscellaneous Networking

,

Linux Administration

,

Linux Distributions

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Answers

 

by: gheistPosted on 2009-10-06 at 02:29:03ID: 25503132

Please post output of ifconfig -a, contents of /etc/sysctl.conf /boot/loader.conf /etc/rc.conf

You can obfuscate irreleavant parts of foles mentioned.

 

by: cforgerPosted on 2009-10-06 at 06:30:23ID: 25504747

Okay,

// rc.conf

gateway_enable="YES"
#bridge
cloned_interfaces="bridge0"
ifconfig_bridge0="inet 1.2.3.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 addm em0 addm em1 up"
ifconfig_em0="up"
ifconfig_em1="up"

hostname="wall.a.ca"
sendmail_enable="none"
#pf_enable="YES"
#pf_rules="/etc/pf2.conf"
#pflog_enable="YES"

defaultrouter="1.2.3.1"

// ifconfig -a  (note msk0 is my management interface)

msk0: flags=8843<up,broadcast,running,simplex,multicast> metric 0 mtu 1500
       options=11a<txcsum,vlan_mtu,vlan_hwtagging,tso4>
       ether 00:30:1b:46:f3:58
       inet 192.168.1.253 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255
       media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex,flag0>)
       status: active
em0: flags=8943<up,broadcast,running,promisc,simplex,multicast> metric 0 mtu 1500
       options=9b<rxcsum,txcsum,vlan_mtu,vlan_hwtagging,vlan_hwcsum>
       ether 00:1b:21:40:f5:b6
       media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
       status: active
em1: flags=8943<up,broadcast,running,promisc,simplex,multicast> metric 0 mtu 1500
       options=9b<rxcsum,txcsum,vlan_mtu,vlan_hwtagging,vlan_hwcsum>
       ether 00:1b:21:40:f5:b7
       media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseTX <full-duplex>)
       status: active
plip0: flags=108810<pointopoint,simplex,multicast,needsgiant> metric 0 mtu 1500
lo0: flags=8049<up,loopback,running,multicast> metric 0 mtu 16384
       inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5
       inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
       inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
bridge0: flags=8843<up,broadcast,running,simplex,multicast> metric 0 mtu 1500
       ether 4a:66:67:48:de:58
       inet 1.2.3.3 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 71.7.182.255
       id 00:00:00:00:00:00 priority 32768 hellotime 2 fwddelay 15
       maxage 20 holdcnt 6 proto rstp maxaddr 100 timeout 1200
       root id 00:00:00:00:00:00 priority 32768 ifcost 0 port 0
       member: em1 flags=143<learning,discover,autoedge,autoptp>
               ifmaxaddr 0 port 3 priority 128 path cost 2000000
       member: em0 flags=143<learning,discover,autoedge,autoptp>
               ifmaxaddr 0 port 2 priority 128 path cost 2000000



// /etc/sysctl.conf is empty (standard header)

// /boot/loader.conf

if_dc_load="YES"






</learning,discover,autoedge,autoptp></learning,discover,autoedge,autoptp></up,broadcast,running,simplex,multicast></up,loopback,running,multicast></pointopoint,simplex,multicast,needsgiant></full-duplex></rxcsum,txcsum,vlan_mtu,vlan_hwtagging,vlan_hwcsum></up,broadcast,running,promisc,simplex,multicast></full-duplex></rxcsum,txcsum,vlan_mtu,vlan_hwtagging,vlan_hwcsum></up,broadcast,running,promisc,simplex,multicast></full-duplex,flag0></txcsum,vlan_mtu,vlan_hwtagging,tso4></up,broadcast,running,simplex,multicast>

 

by: cforgerPosted on 2009-10-06 at 06:31:11ID: 25504761

And here's a quick dump of the sysctl's from a command prompt..

net.link.bridge.ipfw: 0
net.link.bridge.log_stp: 0
net.link.bridge.pfil_local_phys: 0
net.link.bridge.pfil_member: 1
net.link.bridge.pfil_bridge: 1
net.link.bridge.ipfw_arp: 0
net.link.bridge.pfil_onlyip: 1

 

by: gheistPosted on 2009-10-07 at 01:03:34ID: 25512991

Manual says:

place the following lines in loader.conf(5):
         if_bridge_load="YES"
         bridgestp_load="YES"

 

by: cforgerPosted on 2009-10-07 at 04:20:16ID: 25514108

I've done that - Same symptoms... and I believe those are older commands, not needed for 7.2?

 

by: cforgerPosted on 2009-10-07 at 04:23:45ID: 25514127

(I was running with those two switches off, as I didn't want to change too many things, and the guides I was following didn't mention them).

 

by: gheistPosted on 2009-10-08 at 02:31:19ID: 25523417

It is taken from "man bridge" of 7.2

 

by: cforgerPosted on 2009-10-10 at 03:24:40ID: 25541697

Okay - but when they are on, or when they are off, it still responds the same way. I've tried either setting, no luck. Any other ideas?

 

by: gheistPosted on 2009-10-10 at 11:51:28ID: 25543334

Have a look around: http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-bridging.html

I'd suspect problems with rxcsum etc options - bridge is at lower level and should not do them.
Can you ping IP assigned to bridge from one and other interface? Connect with SSH? It is not needed for functioning of bridge.

 

by: cforgerPosted on 2009-10-10 at 13:43:13ID: 25543735

Ah yes, that's one of the guides I used to set it up.

I can ping the bridge interface IP just fine - and I can also ping other IP's on the subnet.. I just can't ping the DSL router on the other physical connection in the bridge.

It's like the bridge is not bridging.. the IP's on em1 are all accessable, but the IP's on em0 are not accessable... yet arp is picking up the MAC of the router on em0 - very strange.

When I ping the router, it just goes nowhere.

I think maybe I should try upgrading the box to 8.0 and see if I have any better luck - at least it's got a different network stack, tho I have less options for help under 8 as it's newer.

 

by: gheistPosted on 2009-10-10 at 14:42:33ID: 25543944

It worked back then with 4.x, going into experimenting not good. RC contains kernels with debug enabled, avoid it if you can.

sysctl -w net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 ? I think this was necessary for filter that redirects.

 

by: cforgerPosted on 2009-10-14 at 10:55:40ID: 25573176

Yup, that's set as well - I believe it's set by the gateway_enable="YES" in rc.conf

 

by: gheistPosted on 2009-10-15 at 01:17:37ID: 25578360

I'd suspect only network drivers. It kind of works fine always.
ifconfig em0 -txsum -rxsum and the likes.

 

by: cforgerPosted on 2009-10-22 at 12:02:30ID: 25637755

Okay, it has been figured out!

Two issues;

1) While you can specify an IP address on the bridge interface, specifying an IP that was within the netmask of the router was very bad. It won't work with this, and I can't seem to specify a sigle IP netmask. That's fine, I use a third interface for working with it.

2) The frigging router's ARP table. I suspected this early on, called the ISP and asked them to reboot it. I still had the problem, and decided to have a local tech reboot the modem. Gave them very specific details on how to do it, they said it was done. In the end neither of them rebooted the router, as when I drove into the location, and rebooted the modem, everything worked fine.

Moral of the story is to do it all yourself by hand, and never assume anything (even the most simple request) is being done correctly.

Thanks gheist, at least you gave it a good shot.

 

by: gheistPosted on 2009-10-22 at 13:01:23ID: 25638347

Try firmware update - arp table overflowing > 256 entries should be fixed for last 3-5 years in vxworks, or BSD or Linux, QNX or whatever your router is running.
In current situation any user can bring it down (it takes 256 ethernet frames to bring router down)

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