Question

XDMCP with XMING via SSH

Asked by: verpit

Currently I can access the Common Desktop Environment (CDE) over IP for our HP-UX boxes over what XMING calls an XDMCP connection.  The search for this free XMING tool found here http://www.straightrunning.com/XmingNotes/ has been a long time coming to say the least.  I just configured access to Interactive Lights Out over IP as well.  I can also interact with IPL and make changes there.

That is to say that I have access to the following levels of HP-UX via IP from bottom to top
1. Interactive Lights Out (separate board giving access to the console) - specific communication method unknown
2. IPL (similar to a BIOS in a PC) - no specific communication method required
3. CDE Common Desktop Environment - XDMCP connection

The plan is to restrict unsecure forms of communication such as RLOGIN, etc if it is no longer needed.  If I do that and only allow access via the most secure method of access possible (I think SSH or SSH2), then I am concerned about loosing access to any of the three layers mentioned (ILO, IPL, CDE).

Is it possible to still access all those layers using only SSH?  Will it affect XDMCP and if so, how?

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Asked On
2008-12-04 at 07:22:42ID23956976
Topics

X-Windows Window Manager

,

HP-UX Unix

,

SSH / Telnet Software

Participating Experts
2
Points
500
Comments
15

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Answers

 

by: gheistPosted on 2008-12-04 at 09:57:01ID: 23097661

1) iLO does SSH2, HTTP,HTTPS and older versions do telnet. Give it a try in http://ilo_ip:1580/. IP address has to be assigned from system, admin password on tag attached to system.
2) Text mode iLO like SSH2 covers that
3) You can use SSH(2) X11 forwarding and Xming started in listening(passive) mode and launch Xsession (/usr/dt/bin/Xsession or /usr/cde/bin/Xsession or similar)
type locate Xsession or (slow) find / -type f -name Xsession -print to find correct location.
You can avoid Xsession and launch single "xterm &" in SSH session.
Make sure sshd_config allows "X11Forwarding yes" and SSH is restarted after (one of things better be done over iLO or telnet or any other non-ssh connection)
XDMCP is UDP based, SSH(2) offers no instrumentation to forward UDP protocol.

 

by: verpitPosted on 2008-12-04 at 11:24:47ID: 23098389

This is obviously well thought out but so far over my head, I'd need a beanstalk to reach it.

#1 I understand though I cannot figure out how to assign it.

#2 and #3 are a little blurry.  I think I understand you to say that SSH2 text and offers no ability to communicate via XDMCP which is UDP based.   For this reason, to get graphics across SSH2, one has to connect via X11 with pre-configured X11Forwarding which will subsequently allow XDMCP as well as restart SSH2.

 

by: gheistPosted on 2008-12-04 at 11:31:02ID: 23098449

#1 - there are at least 4 versions of iLO for PC, and I guess some 10 for UX

SSH X11Forwarding sets up X11 session, which is about same function as XDMCP performs.

 

by: robocatPosted on 2008-12-04 at 12:25:14ID: 23098997


XDMCP is a protocol used to manage remote X-windows sessions. XDMCP initiates all the magic that gives you the experience of starting a graphical login screen and ending up with a full CDE/KDE/Gnome desktop.

Unfortunately, XDMCP was designed for local LAN use and it can't be used over a SSH tunnel.

Simple X-windows sessions can be run over ssh. Basically, you ssh to the server (using putty), then start a single X-windows program. You end up with a single application window (e.g. the xclock). Useful, but very different from the user-friendly CDE desktop experience.

I'm not sure what your security concerns are. Do you want to have CDE sessions over the internet ? Or do you simply want to improve local LAN security ?


 

by: verpitPosted on 2008-12-04 at 13:07:51ID: 23099471

Both.  I would like to have CDE sessions over the internet but that is secondary and if we never get there, it's OK.

Improve LAN security is clearly my first objective but given my current level of experience access to CDE from everywhere (at least internally) is imperative.

Thanks for your thoughtful response, robocat.  That explanation helps alot.

 

by: gheistPosted on 2008-12-04 at 13:14:24ID: 23099525

Then you should use XDMCP broadcasts and multicasts to publish desktops inside intranet, and over internet share only SSH port where limited applications or whole CDE's Xsession can be launched. You can create Xming configs to do one and do another and distribute to user's desktops.

 

by: verpitPosted on 2008-12-04 at 13:35:24ID: 23099726

OK, I'm lost again gheist,

What I basically want to know first I guess (at least till I can wrap my brain around it all), is what I will loose?

Currently, I can I still access iLO and CDE if I disable all rlogins and ssh ?

 

by: verpitPosted on 2008-12-04 at 13:35:30ID: 23099727

OK, I'm lost again gheist,

What I basically want to know first I guess (at least till I can wrap my brain around it all), is what I will loose?

Currently, I can I still access iLO and CDE if I disable all rlogins and ssh ?

 

by: gheistPosted on 2008-12-04 at 13:49:50ID: 23099871

XDMCP allows you to establish X11 session - server computer running X client applications connect to TCP port 6000 on X server on client workstation computer.

rlogin should not be used, ssh covers its workings in secure manner. Xmings Xlaunch can make rlogin connect X11 apps to workstation over network, but set this aside while SSH & company does well.

SSH has side-effect that allows it to perform same job as XDMCP - establish X11 session, but over secure channel.
It does so by emulating X11 server on localhost of computer server and forwarding drawing to X server on client computer, and setting $DISPLAY variable so that X client apps know where to send drawing requests.

I have seen iLO that is separate computer from main host that runs different embedded OS, and can be configured and firmware updated from host, or accessed via its management address when main system is switched off to switch it on or enter IPL loader commands etc. Some advanced iLO reincarnations do read mainboard monitoring info like HW config, temperatures, fan speeds even while system is running.
iLO can provide java applet and activex clients inside web browser, just like ssh and windows remote desktop, to the grade that main system can be reinstalled without even physically attending host. Most UNIX vendors offer this functionality, and it slowly finds its way into blade shelves and other high-end PC equipment.
It is absolutely different autonomous computer with its own access methods. If you know system model you can find operating guides for both - main OS and iLO module which is another computer.

 

by: robocatPosted on 2008-12-04 at 14:22:28ID: 23100155


1. you can safely disable rlogin/rsh on your server. This will improve security. It has nothing to do with your CDE sessions.

2. you should be able to use XDMCP/CDE from your internal lan on any pc with xming installed. In some cases, you may find that you need to use "indirect xdmcp" (when you try to access the server from a different IP subnet). This means that you specify the hostname of your server instead of discovering it automatically.

3. as gheist explained, iLO leads a completely separate life from your server itself. The server OS doesn't even need to be running to access the remote management board of your server. Access it by using ssh or https for security.

4. for remote access over the internet, consider using some kind of VPN based solution.

 

by: verpitPosted on 2008-12-04 at 14:24:23ID: 23100171

great..  I am most concerned about the CDE desktop environment available in HPUX via XMING.  If I turn off RLOGIN and use only SSH, will I still be able to access the CDE?

 

by: robocatPosted on 2008-12-04 at 15:03:59ID: 23100503


yes.

 

by: gheistPosted on 2008-12-04 at 15:29:22ID: 23100697

Adding to robocat's

(2) You can establish XDMCP multicast sending to cross IP subnets, but then one managing your routers should make sure multicasts reach every computer and IGMP support on routers allows all the workstations to subscribe to multicast. Another protocol that will gain from using IGMP and multicast is NTP which will beam correct time to other IP subnets.

(4) SSH is poor man's choice. With OpenVPN you can bring all remote computers appear as in some subnet in your LAN. Consider using firewalls antiviruses antispywares automatic updates even on coworkers home computers, it broadens your network border around home computers not connected to your network at many times. Other VPN solutions based on IPSec are clumsy to traverse home routers etc, normal CPU will cover 20-30 Mbps VPN, if you need more - compatible crypto accelerator with enough power is needed ( Broadcom or HiFn are pretty much cost-effective, SafeNet is best and has product for 10GbE if you need it)

XDMCP relies only on IP network, services like r*, telnet or SSH work independently, there is no influence on XDMCP workings when using them.

 

by: verpitPosted on 2008-12-04 at 17:31:33ID: 23101337

robocat...  you do an excellent job at sticking to the question and answering only what I currently don't understand.  At this stage I am still 'peeling the onion'.  geist, I am learning alot from you but am having difficulty getting my questions answered directly.  you tend to take my questions in a new direction which is nice but not really on-track.

I'm still having trouble understanding where one term stops and another starts.  more information really complicates this.  

 

by: gheistPosted on 2008-12-05 at 00:50:28ID: 23103300

Thanks for a tip

20120131-EE-VQP-002

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