Question

Question about how CD-writers work

Asked by: Wierdy1024

I want to know wether I can make a specially designed CD image file that contains no or very little data but when burned to a CD will leave an image on the data side of the disk.  (rather like that faint line some people can see around the disk to tell them how full a CD is)

The CD must be burnable with a standard CD-R on a standard drive.

If this is possible then is it possible to fragment (like a hard disk) a CD so the CD can have say 300 MB of data on arranged so it makes an image and padded with 1's and 0's in the data to make an image on a half full CD. (but the CD would be fully burned to make a full image)

To do this I need to know exactly how much data goes on each spin of the CD (which i guess will be different for different distances from the center) and wether this is the same for each type of cd (is a 700MB sony disk the same as a 700MB samsung etc.).  I also presume that this may also change for different CD drives.

If I can get answers to the above then I should be able to make a formaul to tell me for any (x,y) position of the CD I should be able to find out where in the image file to put that bit of information(there may be many places)

Anyone who can provide info on any of the above will get some points.

Thanks in advance

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Asked On
2005-01-22 at 06:58:30ID21284413
Tags

cd

,

writers

Topic

Miscellaneous

Participating Experts
3
Points
250
Comments
20

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Answers

 

by: nickg5Posted on 2005-01-22 at 07:20:21ID: 13110627

you can indeed put images on a standard music cd.....it is a VCD......but the way you describe it, I can not help you further. I travel in Asia and DVD players are not used over there. They have VCD players so I plan to burn video on CD-R's.

 

by: FalconHawkPosted on 2005-01-22 at 07:25:29ID: 13110655

i can tell you how a CD is made, but the idea of the 1 and 0 is not possible. well, maybe it IS, but i dont think you have the millions of money to develop the CD used, and buy the materials you need for it. At least it cant be done with a normal cd or CD drive.

a CD is a disk. it has a layer on it that can be burned with a laser. If you make a hole (its microscopic) that would be read as a 1, and the empty(unburned space) space would be read as a 0. Now you would say: If i burn these holes in a patters, it should be seen. This is only half true. the Holes and not deep. in fast, a human hair is WAY thivker, then those holes are deep. the patern would be VERY hard to see, and for sure it could be seen with the bare human eye.

The second catch is that there has to be some data on the file, if you want to have a readable CD. the CD must at LEAST contain the file structure, what file system is used exetra. that space cannot be used for the image. If you use it, the CD will be unreadable. No prob, since burning the image would make it unreadable at all, since the CD has some 1 and 0 on it. those 1 and 0 from the image will be read as if it was normal computer data. but it isnt, and the computer doesnt get a thing of what is standing there in programm language, simply because it doesnt mean a thing.

The various manufactures dont have exactly the same kind of CD, but the concept is so closely related, it doesnt matter with manufacturer made it.

If you really want a graphic, there is CD designer software, that work with foil, that contains the image. the image is never on the data side however.

Sorry to help you out of your dream, but with a standart CD-R its impossible to make such a CD. it just cant be seen, since the holes are just a few nanometers deep, and the difference between a hole and no hole is not seen by the human eye

But i must say, it was a very fun question to answer :D. it REALLY made me use my brain on cd burning concepts. it would be a nice idea if it could. 2 bad it cant work :( i would have like such a cd ;) (sorry if the answer is a bit messy)

 

by: nickg5Posted on 2005-01-22 at 07:29:54ID: 13110678

also check this article out from top to bottom, except the price list.

http://www.pantherproducts.co.uk/Articles/Storage/cdburner.shtml

 

by: Wierdy1024Posted on 2005-01-22 at 07:36:36ID: 13110709

Thanks for the long reply FalkonHawk.

I've already done some simple tests with more positive results than you predicted.

I made a file which was 600MB and made from 50MB's of binary 0's (hax: 00) and then 50 MB's binary 1's (hex: FF).  this was repeated throuought the file.  When I burn't this on a CD-rw I could see (VERY faintly) lots of concentric circles.

I'm trying it on a CD-r to see if the effect is more visible.

Thanks
Oliver

 

by: FalconHawkPosted on 2005-01-22 at 08:11:22ID: 13110832

hmmm thats something that i didnt really expect.... the best i expected was an (almost invisable)image if you held it into the sunlight.

well, i dont think it will get more then faint, but since i was pessimistic about the image in the first place, dont take this to serious.

i however think that making an actual image, will be a REAL tough job. ever seen those ANSII arts some sites use? they are a LOT of work to make, and thats just 1 A4 page with text takes several days, depending on someones skill. the disc itsselve is also round, so an image thats made on a flat surface, will be screwed on a round disc, because its written om something thats round and rotating. to be honest, i would rather paint the golden gate bridge then figuring all out :) 600 mb is still 600000 kb ( no i round the things, dont feel like calculating exactly), wich is more then a million of bits, that are used for the 1 and 0. of course such small things you never need cause they cant be seen, it will still be real tough to pull of.

What you need to know is the rotation, the bits per turn (and the turns get bigger, wich means other circles). i doubt if this can be really pulled of (correct that, if its worth the time). but if it CAN be pulled of, it would be real cool :)

I suggest that you make another laser driver, wich makes the burning not circulair, but liniair. thats also hard, but at least the images are way more easy to make. still itl be a REAL tough job.

 

by: Wierdy1024Posted on 2005-01-22 at 08:22:11ID: 13110879

Yep - I agree with you - it is a REAL tough job.  I wasn't intending on making eack of those 600000000 bytes by hand - I was going to make a program to do it from a black and white JPG file - I just need to know what bits go where!

I'll let you know any more findings.  What you've said already deservs lots of points but I'll leave the question open in the hope of finding other people to contribute.

Thanks

 

by: Wierdy1024Posted on 2005-01-22 at 08:28:57ID: 13110907

found another thing - It isn't visible on my unbranded CD-RW's - only shows up on the sony ones.  The unbranded ones are nearly black though!

 

by: FalconHawkPosted on 2005-01-22 at 08:35:24ID: 13110945

I'll let you know any more findings.  What you've said already deservs lots of points but I'll leave the question open in the hope of finding other people to contribute.

thanks :) keep this topic up to date with findings. i really like the idea (im sceptic, but if noone tried, we would never have invented anything ;) )

oh, and i found this:
http://www.howstuffworks.com/cd-burner.htm

it may seem a little symplistic at first, but it contains the data you need (cds burn inward out, thats vital if you wanna burn an image, and it says a cd has 5 km of trach lenght on it)

 

by: lherrouPosted on 2005-01-22 at 10:18:42ID: 13111500

It sounds like you want to do something that already exists, check out Yamaha's DiskT@2 technology:

http://www.yamahamultimedia.com/yec/tech/discta2_01.asp

Also there's a pretty good article on the process at CD Freaks (as part of their review of Yamaha's burner)
http://www.cdfreaks.com/article/88/4

 

by: Wierdy1024Posted on 2005-01-22 at 10:31:34ID: 13111550

Yep - Thats exactly what I want.

I just want some changes:

It to work with all CD burners (Not just one)
It to be software based - not hardware
it to be able to use all the CD by spreading the rest of the data in un-noticable places - by spreading it around the CD instead of just over the center.

 

by: Wierdy1024Posted on 2005-01-22 at 10:33:44ID: 13111563

Found the following on howstuffworks.com:

Extra data bits are included to help the player recognize and fix a mistake. If the read laser misreads a single bit, the player is able to correct the problem using the additional encoded data.

Recorded information is not encoded sequentially; it is interlaced in a set pattern. This reduces the risk of losing whole sections of data. If a scratch or piece of debris makes a part of the track unreadable, it will damage separate bits of data from different parts of the song or file, instead of eliminating an entire segment of information. Since only small pieces of each file segment are unreadable, it's easier for the CD player to correct the problem or recover from it.

Anyone know how this works so I can precompute it.  

 

by: FalconHawkPosted on 2005-01-22 at 10:47:59ID: 13111610

hmmm so data is written like this:
 set1(part1) set2(part1) set3(part1) set1(part2) set2(part2) set3(part3)

so then the data will be much harder to damage. now only: the image will be WAY harder to write.
Maybe you should make a file and write a line of 00000000000000000 and a line of 1111111111 on it, and burn it on a disk. then you can see how it is distributed. i guess there is a certain patron in it. i dont know if there is any software that shows how the data is burned (something that scans and displays the bit order (like 0010011100101))

i dont know if every CD burns in the same patron, since it are other manufacturers. but with some luck, the CD burning software chooses that.....

 

by: lherrouPosted on 2005-01-22 at 10:48:13ID: 13111612

Well, as I understand it, the issue is not really getting the burns onto the CD - with the right level of mapping and control, you can burn where-ever you want, which is what the DISKt@2 processs does. The problem is that the burns aren't readable as data, because you deviated from the EFM patterns. So to achieve your goal, you'd have to come up with a new data writing and retrieval algorithm.

Try reviewing the following:

http://www.laesieworks.com/digicom/Storage_CD.html

http://www.disctronics.co.uk/technology/cdbasics/cd_frames.htm



 

by: FalconHawkPosted on 2005-01-22 at 10:53:55ID: 13111637

"problem is that the burns aren't readable as data"

from what i understood, the readable part isnt an issue.... (correct me if im wrong :) )

 

by: Wierdy1024Posted on 2005-01-22 at 14:11:23ID: 13112565

I am still trying to burn it as a readable disk because that way it can be burned using standard drivers and software.  When I say readable I mean I'm still using the EFM standard - just picking values to use that have lots of 1's or 0's.  I'm using ASC 210 and ASC 205 because I think these are the most "different" I can find.

It seems the EFM standard always has at least two 0's between 1's.  Therefore this is the best I came up with:

ASC 210:   10010010010001
ASC 205:   00000100000001

The above however only means that the ASC 210 one will only have more smaller pits and the ASC 205 one will have less bigger pits - the same area covered in total.  As far as I can see from http://www.ee.washington.edu/conselec/CE/kuhn/cdaudio2/95x7.htm there seems to be no way of knowing which bits will be pits.

This is because a 1 in the EMF codes above simply indicates that the CD burner should make a pit edge.  If there is a zero then the CD burner should continue making a pit or not depending on it's previous status.

for example the following EFM output:    0000010000000100000100000001
will make the following pits:                  -------=======--------======-
                                             = pit
                                             -  land (no pit)

To complicate the matters there are loads of "Check digits" to verify the data all of which are going to invert the state of the pits.  It seems that there are mode DATA bits per CD with mode 2 data CD writing so I'm going to attempt to use this.I am still trying to burn it as a readable disk because that way it can be burned using standard drivers and software.  When I say readable I mean I'm still using the EFM standard - just picking values to use that have lots of 1's or 0's.  I'm using ASC 210 and ASC 205 because I think these are the most "different" I can find.

It seems the EFM standard always has at least two 0's between 1's.  Therefore this is the best I came up with:

ASC 210:   10010010010001
ASC 205:   00000100000001

The above however only means that the ASC 210 one will only have more smaller pits and the ASC 205 one will have less bigger pits - the same area covered in total.  As far as I can see from http://www.ee.washington.edu/conselec/CE/kuhn/cdaudio2/95x7.htm there seems to be no way of knowing which bits will be pits.

This is because a 1 in the EMF codes above simply indicates that the CD burner should make a pit edge.  If there is a zero then the CD burner should continue making a pit or not depending on it's previous status.

for example the following EFM output:    0000010000000100000100000001
will make the following pits:                  -------=======--------======-
                                             = pit
                                             -  land (no pit)

To complicate the matters there are loads of "Check digits" to verify the data all of which are going to invert the state of the pits.  It seems that there are mode DATA bits per CD with mode 2 data CD writing so I'm going to attempt to use this.

Let me know of any ideas

Thanks

 

by: lherrouPosted on 2005-01-22 at 16:21:05ID: 13113034

OK, I see what you are saying. I was thinking you still wanted to preserve _useful_ data, but that's not necessary, only that you can use correctly formatted data to produce the effect.

As an interesting aside, have you looked at the CDRdao driver? Seems like it might offer a bit of the extra control you need for what you are trying to do.

http://cdrdao.sourceforge.net/index.html

And this isn't what you asked for, but it's an interesting idea as well...

Finally, there is a ton of interesting information in the CD FAQ from comp.publish.cdrom,
http://www.faqs.org/faqs/cdrom/cd-recordable/part1/

 

by: lherrouPosted on 2005-01-22 at 16:21:51ID: 13113040

Oops, left out the interesting idea:

http://www.lightscribe.com/

 

by: Wierdy1024Posted on 2005-01-23 at 01:43:32ID: 13114398

Thanks everyone for the advice

I found the following which makes a file that is impossible (in most CD writers) to read again.  It does this by carefully crfting the data so the DSV is very high or low and the CD drives auto correction isn't fast enough to fix it.  It's used to make CD copy protection but as far as I can see if the DSV is very high then there more pits compared to land which might be useful!

Take a look at it: http://www.petemoore.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/guides/pc-cdrom/sheeptest.htm.

run the bad.bat file and try to burn the produced bat.dat file to a standard CD and you'll find that it won't copy from the CD back to the HD because of a "cyclic redundancy error".  What I want to know is that when the CD burner gets confused and writes the wrong data (which is as far as I can see what it does) does it still keep the very high (or low) DSV or does it write the wrong data and leave the DSV high (or low).

 

by: Wierdy1024Posted on 2005-02-14 at 12:47:02ID: 13308073

Very sorry about the delay - I havn't got anywhere in managing to get anything proper burned so I think it's another project to send to the trash.

I've awarded points according to effort put in by everyone.

Thanks

20120131-EE-VQP-002

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