Question

LNK2001: unresolved external symbol VCPP 6.0

Asked by: visualcortex

I have a .cpp file that I found online which calls a CreateThread instance as follows given under the code section as original.cpp

The program runs fine when I compile it as a W32-console application.

I am however trying to change it to a class so I can make use of this functionality in a different program that I want to write.

In my classname.h file, when I comment this function (remove it from the class), I get a list of LNK2001: unresolved external symbol errors.

If I keep it as a member of that class, however, I get the following message everytime I try to call the CreateThread

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
error C2664: 'CreateThread' : cannot convert parameter 3 from 'unsigned long (void *)' to 'unsigned long (__stdcall *)(void *)'
        None of the functions with this name in scope match the target type
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Can somebody please tell me what I'm missing out on???

Thank you

------------------------Original.cpp file---------------------------
DWORD WINAPI Func(LPVOID lpParameter){
...
}
 
int main (...) {
...
SOCKET *sock;
DWORD *dw;
CreateThread(NULL, 0, Func, sock, 0, &dw);
...
}

                                  
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Asked On
2008-12-19 at 19:14:00ID24000065
Tags

unresolved external symbol

Topic

Microsoft Visual C++.Net

Participating Experts
1
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Answers

 

by: drichardsPosted on 2008-12-19 at 21:42:31ID: 23217290

It looks like you did not carry the __stdcall (or WINAPI) to the thread function when you created the class.  The thread function needs to be a static method or a global function.  In either case it need to be declared __stdcall if that is not the default calling convention in your project.

What does the code look like in your refactored version?

 

by: visualcortexPosted on 2008-12-20 at 06:48:26ID: 23218340

drichards,
       attached are snippets of my class .h and .cpp

I added __stdcall to my function decl in my .h file and recompiled but I got the same errors. Obviously, I'm doing it wrong.

Thank you for looking into it.

------------class.h---------------
class classname
{
...
public:
DWORD WINAPI function(LPVOID lParameter);
};
 
---------------class.cpp--------------------
DWORD WINAPI function(LPVOID lParameter) {
...
...
}
 
void classname::callingFunction() {
...
...
SOCKET *sock;
DWORD id;
 
CreateThread(NULL, 0, function, sock, 0, &id);
...
}

                                              
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by: drichardsPosted on 2008-12-20 at 11:10:39ID: 23219288

You have a couple of problems.

If you want "function" to be the ThreadProc, you should either a) Make it a static function in the class and put "classname::" in front of "function" in the cpp file declaration of function or b) Remove the definition of "function" from the class and leave it as a global function in the cpp.

Right now you've got a mismatch in that you define "function" in the classname header but do not actuall implement the class method.  Also, it is not static in the class.

Finally, are you sure WINAPI is defined?  If you fix the function and still get the __stdcall error, try putting __stdcall in explicitly.

 

by: visualcortexPosted on 2008-12-20 at 11:32:18ID: 23219358

drichards,
   thanks for that. Do you mean like this? I did try both the methods (separately of course) and I get the errors that I mentioned in my first post.

I am currently not at my desk to try out the
a. static part
b. if (a) does not work then __stdcall

scenarios. I will update as soon as I get back.

Appreciate all of your help!

------------class.h---------------
class classname
{
...
public:
DWORD WINAPI calledfunction(LPVOID lParameter);
void callingFunction();
...
};
 
---------------class.cpp--------------------
DWORD WINAPI classname::calledfunction(LPVOID lParameter) {
...
...
}
 
void classname::callingFunction() {
...
...
SOCKET *sock;
DWORD id;
 
CreateThread(NULL, 0, calledfunction, sock, 0, &id);
...
}

                                              
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by: drichardsPosted on 2008-12-20 at 12:39:34ID: 23219546

If you need a visual, here are your choices.  Notice that I also pass "this" to the ThreadProc in callingfunction.  This is because function cannot be a non-static method, so it is usually necessary to pass in an instance of the context object.  The ThreadProc, "function" in this case, can be nothing more than a cast of the lpParameter to the correct type, classbane in this case, and then a call to the instance method that actually does the work.

// Header file with "function" as a static class member.
class classname
{
public:
    static DWORD WINAPI function(LPVOID lParameter);
    void callingfunction();
};
 
// cpp file with "function as static class member
#include "StdAfx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include "classname.h"
 
DWORD WINAPI classname::function(LPVOID lParameter)
{
    // Your function here
    return 0;
}
 
void classname::callingfunction()
{
    DWORD id = 0;
    ::CreateThread(NULL, 0, function, this, 0, &id);
}
 
 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Other option <<<<<<<<<<<<<
// Header with "function" as global
class classname
{
public:
    void callingfunction();
};
 
// cpp file with "function" as global
#include "StdAfx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include "classname.h"
 
DWORD WINAPI function(LPVOID lParameter)
{
    // Your function here
    return 0;
}
 
void classname::callingfunction()
{
    DWORD id = 0;
    ::CreateThread(NULL, 0, function, this, 0, &id);
}
                                              
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by: visualcortexPosted on 2008-12-21 at 09:54:48ID: 23222516

But I want to pass a socket object as a parameter to ThreadProc, which is my actual context object (in place of the 'this' context object. Same thing, yeah?

 

by: drichardsPosted on 2008-12-21 at 20:50:42ID: 23224778

Not really.  If the only context you need is the socket, there's no real reason to create a class to do anything.  Typically the socket itself is only part of the context.  There's also protocol information, transaction data, and connection state as part of the context.  The object passed in to the thread as a parameter typically provides access to all this other information.

No reason you can't create a class and pass just the socket as context, but there's no real need if that's the extent of it.

20120131-EE-VQP-002

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