Question

I have a got a problem in my class

Asked by: Kaustubh77

Some computers have explicit instructions to extract an arbitrary field from a 32-
bit register and to place it in the least significant bits of a register.

Find the shortest sequence of MIPS instructions that extracts a field for the
constant values i=5 and j=22 from register $t3 and places it in register $t0. (Hint:
It can be done in two instructions)

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Asked On
2009-09-18 at 01:51:40ID24742586
Tags

I am pretty new to MIPS programming

,

Please could you help me out.

Topic

Assembly Programming Language

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Answers

 

by: Infinity08Posted on 2009-09-18 at 01:54:26ID: 25363915

The terminology used is a bit non-standard.

How is "field" defined in your case ?
What is understood by "field for constant values" ?

 

by: Kaustubh77Posted on 2009-09-18 at 02:04:07ID: 25363967

Please find JPG file of the question as attached

 

by: Infinity08Posted on 2009-09-18 at 02:11:13ID: 25364018

Right. That clarifies it. A "field" is a series of bits between two given bit positions.

For this question, you have to get the bits starting at bit index 5, till bit index 22 (which is 22 - 5 = 17 bits total) from the $t3 register, and place them in the least significant bits (0 till 17) of the $t0 register.

Take a look at the instructions you have available, and see which ones you could use to do this ...

 

by: Kaustubh77Posted on 2009-09-18 at 02:27:03ID: 25364116

Correct me if i am wrong,
I have Shift Right Logical to shift by 5, to place them in the least significant bits (0-17) of Reg $t0. I use  "srl $t0, $t3, 5"

 

by: Infinity08Posted on 2009-09-18 at 02:31:26ID: 25364147

That's a good start. Except that that instruction currently overwrites too much of the $t0 register. You still need to make sure that the rest of the $t0 register (the most significant bits) is set to all zero bits.

 

by: Infinity08Posted on 2009-09-18 at 02:34:31ID: 25364167

Oh, and I just noticed that the assignment uses somewhat non-standard bit indexes. When they say from bit 5 to 22, they actually mean from bit 6 to 23 (ie. the first bit to be copied is the bit at index 6, and the last is the bit at index 22).

 

by: Kaustubh77Posted on 2009-09-18 at 02:41:58ID: 25364199

Ohh ok, so in that case i have to use "srl $t0, $t3, 6"
and to make sure that the other 15 higher bits of the $t0 register are assigned 0s , I will use
"LUI $t0, 0"

 

by: Infinity08Posted on 2009-09-18 at 02:50:42ID: 25364238

>> Ohh ok, so in that case i have to use "srl $t0, $t3, 6"

Indeed.

>> and to make sure that the other 15 higher bits of the $t0 register are assigned 0s , I will use
>> "LUI $t0, 0"

The lui instruction would set the high order 16 bits to the immediate value provided, and the low order 16 bits to 0. So effectively, it would set all bits of the register to 0 - that's not what you want.

Basically, this is a masking operation, and the usual way to do that is by using a bitwise AND.

 

by: Kaustubh77Posted on 2009-09-18 at 03:05:24ID: 25364316

so in that case for the bitwise AND procedure to the $t0 register before i do the "srl $t0, $t3, 6"
so it will be
"and $t0, 0"
"srl $t0, $t3, 6"

 

by: Infinity08Posted on 2009-09-18 at 03:25:04ID: 25364400

>> so in that case for the bitwise AND procedure to the $t0 register before i do the "srl $t0, $t3, 6"

That will not have an impact.
The and instruction (and $t0, 0) will set the $t0 register to all zero's.
The shift instruction (srl $t0, $t3, 6) will then overwrite all those zero's with the shifted value from $t3.

So, if $t3 contained 01010101010101010101010101010101 to begin with, $t0 will contain this after these two instructions :

        00000001010101010101010101010101

while what was intended is :

        00000000000000010101010101010101


If you don't like using the bitwise AND, there's another way you can do it. You can use a combination of shift left and shift right to keep only the required part (bits 6 through 23).

 

by: Kaustubh77Posted on 2009-09-18 at 13:00:42ID: 25369478

umm okk..
so in order to get
00000000000000010101010101010101 in register $t0
do i have to first
"sll $t0, $t3, 10"
and then
"srl $t3, $t3, 16"

 

by: Infinity08Posted on 2009-09-18 at 16:58:37ID: 25370852

>> do i have to first
>> "sll $t0, $t3, 10"
>> and then
>> "srl $t3, $t3, 16"

That's the idea. Now you just have to get the values right ;) If you shift left by 10, then you discard the 10 leftmost bits, but that's too much, since you need to keep the bit at index 22 (remember that indexes go from 0 to 31). Similarly, the value 16 will need to be adapted.

And remember that the second instruction should work on $t0, not $t3.

 

by: Kaustubh77Posted on 2009-09-18 at 17:18:23ID: 31630462

Thanks a lot!! Really appreciated the help.. i am now beginning to enjoy MIPS..

 

by: Infinity08Posted on 2009-09-19 at 00:23:19ID: 25371885

I'm glad to hear you do :)

20120131-EE-VQP-002

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