Help with C++ console output formatting / spacing

I am familiar to programming but not so familiar with C++, at the moment I'm messing around with a console application and I'm looking to create a function that I can pass is a number of spaces and some output (numeric or string) and have the function apply the correct number of spaces to maintain a good format in outputing to the console, basically maintain column width....

so basically I'll have some output like so on the console window:

+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   My Program Name: TestingConsoleOutput.exe                                    |
|                                                                                                                |
|      Column 1   |   Column 2   |   Column 3   |   Column 4   |   Column 5   |
|                                                                                                                |
|      0                |   something |   854345      |   5489743   |   $2.25         |
|      1                |   some  |   8543      |   5443   |   $22.25         |
|      "                |   etc...   |   854345      |   59743   |   $2.25         |
|      20                |   something |   854345      |   5489743   |   $2.25         |
|      21                |   sometg |   8545      |   548973   |   $203.25         |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

As you can see standard output is losing the column formatting because of spaces, if I could assign (x) number of spaces to a single column say 10 spaces to the first column, then if I pass in something to output that's 4 characters long, it will say ok, provide one leading space, then whatever the four digits/chars are, then the remaining 5 spaces.

the issue is I'm not sure what to first pass into the function as the proper type since the output could be anything alpha-numeric, and I'm really not that familiar with C++ handling of something like this. How could I put together a function to accomplish this? This is just a simple procedural console app.

Thanks,
-tb55