Question

What's wrong with my code, I keep getting "Undefined reference to..."?

Asked by: Uncle13

$ g++ *.o -o calculator
main.o: In function `main':
main.cpp:(.text+0x1ea): undefined reference to `SAMSErrorHandling::Initialize()'
main.cpp:(.text+0x2fa): undefined reference to `SAMSErrorHandling::HandleNotANumberError()'
main.cpp:(.text+0x322): undefined reference to `SAMSPrompt::UserWantsToContinueYOrN(char const*)'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

also is there any redundancy in my code (ie. I've #included something I didn't need too)?
Thanks

/* main.cpp */
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include "PromptModule.h"
#include "ErrorHandlingModule.h" 
using namespace std;  
char GetOperator(void)
{
	char theOperator;
	cout << "Operator: ";
	cin >> theOperator;
	return theOperator;
} 
float GetOperand(void)
{
	float theOperand = 1;
	cout << "The Operand: ";
	cin >> theOperand;
	return theOperand;
}
	
float Accumulate (const char theOperator,const float theOperand)
	{
		static float myAccumulator = 0; //Inititalize to 0 when the program starts
		switch (theOperator)
		{
			case '+':
				myAccumulator = myAccumulator + theOperand;
				break; 
			case '-':
				myAccumulator = myAccumulator - theOperand;
				break;
			case '*':
				myAccumulator = myAccumulator * theOperand;
				break;
			case '/':
				myAccumulator = myAccumulator / theOperand;
				break;
			default:
				throw
					runtime_error("Error - Invalid Operator");
		};
	return myAccumulator;
	} 
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	SAMSErrorHandling::Initialize();
	do
	{
		try
		{
			char Operator = GetOperator();
			float Operand = GetOperand();
			cout << Accumulate(Operator,Operand) << endl;
		}
		catch (runtime_error RuntimeError)
		{
			SAMSErrorHandling::HandleRuntimeError(RuntimeError);
		}
		catch (...)
		{
			SAMSErrorHandling::HandleNotANumberError();
		};
	}
	while (SAMSPrompt::UserWantsToContinueYOrN("More ?"));
	return 0;
}  
 
/* ErrorHandlingModule.cpp */
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include "ErrorHandlingModule.h" 
using namespace std; 
namespace SAMSErrorHandling
{
	using namespace std;
	
	void Inititalize(void)
	{
		cin.exceptions(cin.failbit);
	}
	
	int HandleNotAnumberError(void) //Returns error code
	{
		cerr << "Input error - not a number?" << endl;
		cin.clear();
		//Eat the bad input so we can pause the program
		char BadInput[5];
		cin >> BadInput;
		return 1; // An error occured
	}
	int HandleRuntimeError(runtime_error theRuntimeError)
		{
			cerr << theRuntimeError.what() << endl;
			return 1;
		}
}  
 
/* ErrorHandlingModule Header file */
#ifndef ErrorHandlingModuleH
#define ErrorHandlingModuleH
#include <stdexcept> 
using namespace std; 
namespace SAMSErrorHandling
{
	void Initialize(void);
	int HandleNotANumberError(void); //Returns error code
	int HandleRuntimeError(runtime_error theRuntimeError);
} 
#endif  
 
/* PromptModule.cpp */
#include <iostream>
#include "PromptModule.h" 
using namespace std; 
namespace SAMSPrompt
{  
bool UserWantstoContinueYOrN (const char *theThingWeAreDoing)
	{
		char DoneCharacter;
		bool InvalidCharacterWasEntered = false;
		do
		{
			cout << endl << theThingWeAreDoing << " - Press \'n\' and \'Enter\' to stop: ";
			cin >> DoneCharacter; 
			InvalidCharacterWasEntered = 
			!
			(
				(DoneCharacter == 'y')
				||
				(DoneCharacter == 'n')
			); 
				if (InvalidCharacterWasEntered)
					{
						cout << "...Error - " << "please enter \"y\" or \"n\"."<<endl;
					};
		}while (InvalidCharacterWasEntered);
	return (DoneCharacter != 'n'); 
	}
}  
 

/* PromptModule header */
#ifndef PromptModuleH
#define PromptModuleH  
namespace SAMSPrompt
{
bool UserWantsToContinueYOrN (const char *theThingWeAreDoing);
}
#endif
                                  
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Asked On
2009-11-03 at 16:47:44ID24869463
Tags

C++

,

programming

Topic

C++ Programming Language

Participating Experts
5
Points
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Comments
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Answers

 

by: trinitrotoluenePosted on 2009-11-03 at 17:20:01ID: 25735615

you have protected the functions in namespaces. The linker is unable to find definitions for your functions.


Try the following in main.cpp

* main.cpp */
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include "PromptModule.h"
#include "ErrorHandlingModule.h" 
using namespace std;
using namespace SAMSErrorHandling;

                                              
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by: Uncle13Posted on 2009-11-03 at 17:54:10ID: 25735740

still saying the same thing

 

by: Uncle13Posted on 2009-11-03 at 17:54:56ID: 25735743

could it be my header files that are messed up?

 

by: FalmarriPosted on 2009-11-03 at 19:04:40ID: 25736057

Why are you doing this in one file? Why don't you declare your classes in your .h file?

 

by: Uncle13Posted on 2009-11-03 at 19:07:18ID: 25736066

these are seperate files but i can only have one code snippet xD

 

by: FalmarriPosted on 2009-11-03 at 19:08:39ID: 25736073

Ah. Because it's pretty hard to read, heh. I see it now

 

by: fridomPosted on 2009-11-03 at 23:33:35ID: 25737159

The reason ist a different one. You are using symbols in which are declared later so the
order of the *.o file do have a meaning. What you get is a message from the Linker it can not resolve a
the symbo anmes so maybe

g++ main.c sams_error_handler.o -o .... will do or you have to write it the other way.

g++ sams_error_handler.o main.c -o calculator

For that to work you better make use of Makefile in which you layout the rules on what depends on what.

 

by: IbanUlovPosted on 2009-11-03 at 23:48:56ID: 25737207

You have some problems with function names, c++ is case sensitive and in cpp when you declare functions. Have a look at code, it works:

 
/* ErrorHandlingModule.cpp */
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include "ErrorHandlingModule.h" 
using namespace std; 
	
void SAMSErrorHandling::Initialize(void)
{
	cin.exceptions(cin.failbit);
}
	
int SAMSErrorHandling::HandleNotANumberError(void) //Returns error code
{
	cerr << "Input error - not a number?" << endl;
	cin.clear();
	//Eat the bad input so we can pause the program
	char BadInput[5];
	cin >> BadInput;
	return 1; // An error occured
}
int SAMSErrorHandling::HandleRuntimeError(runtime_error theRuntimeError)
{
	cerr << theRuntimeError.what() << endl;
	return 1;
}
  
 
/* PromptModule.cpp */
#include <iostream>
#include "PromptModule.h" 
using namespace std; 
 
bool SAMSPrompt::UserWantsToContinueYOrN (const char *theThingWeAreDoing)
{
		char DoneCharacter;
		bool InvalidCharacterWasEntered = false;
		do
		{
			cout << endl << theThingWeAreDoing << " - Press \'n\' and \'Enter\' to stop: ";
			cin >> DoneCharacter; 
			InvalidCharacterWasEntered = 
			!
			(
				(DoneCharacter == 'y')
				||
				(DoneCharacter == 'n')
			); 
				if (InvalidCharacterWasEntered)
					{
						cout << "...Error - " << "please enter \"y\" or \"n\"."<<endl;
					};
		}while (InvalidCharacterWasEntered);
	return (DoneCharacter != 'n'); 
}
                                              
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by: IbanUlovPosted on 2009-11-03 at 23:50:18ID: 25737215

And the main.cpp

/* main.cpp */
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include "PromptModule.h"
#include "ErrorHandlingModule.h" 
using namespace std;  
 
char GetOperator(void)
{
	char theOperator;
	cout << "Operator: ";
	cin >> theOperator;
	return theOperator;
} 
float GetOperand(void)
{
	float theOperand = 1;
	cout << "The Operand: ";
	cin >> theOperand;
	return theOperand;
}
	
float Accumulate (const char theOperator,const float theOperand)
	{
		static float myAccumulator = 0; //Inititalize to 0 when the program starts
		switch (theOperator)
		{
			case '+':
				myAccumulator = myAccumulator + theOperand;
				break; 
			case '-':
				myAccumulator = myAccumulator - theOperand;
				break;
			case '*':
				myAccumulator = myAccumulator * theOperand;
				break;
			case '/':
				myAccumulator = myAccumulator / theOperand;
				break;
			default:
				throw
					runtime_error("Error - Invalid Operator");
		};
	return myAccumulator;
	} 
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	SAMSErrorHandling::Initialize();
	do
	{
		try
		{
			char Operator = GetOperator();
			float Operand = GetOperand();
			cout << Accumulate(Operator,Operand) << endl;
		}
		catch (runtime_error RuntimeError)
		{
			SAMSErrorHandling::HandleRuntimeError(RuntimeError);
		}
		catch (...)
		{
			SAMSErrorHandling::HandleNotANumberError();
		};
	}
	while (SAMSPrompt::UserWantsToContinueYOrN((char const *)("More ?")));
	return 0;
}  
 
 
 
 
 
 

                                              
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by: trinitrotoluenePosted on 2009-11-04 at 07:33:18ID: 25740316

can you try something.

Do not create any new namespaces. Please remove all of them and try building the application without namespaces. If this works then we can localize the problem further.

I assume that your makefile is set up properly to link all the object modules.

 

by: trinitrotoluenePosted on 2009-11-04 at 07:34:35ID: 25740330

please check your makefile once again

 

by: Infinity08Posted on 2009-11-04 at 09:00:56ID: 25741400

I think the typo's pointed out by IbanUlov are the most promising candidate causes ;) No points for this post, please. Just pointing it out because it seems to have been missed.

 

by: trinitrotoluenePosted on 2009-11-04 at 15:47:47ID: 25745440

infinity08 you are right. Its been missed out


int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
      SAMSErrorHandling::Initialize();

void Inititalize(void)
      {


Uncle13 you need to go with IbanUlov's suggestion

 

by: Uncle13Posted on 2009-11-06 at 11:00:38ID: 31649784

Thanks

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