Question

how to calculate string width in a web appliaction

Asked by: rakeshjaimini

hi,
i'm facing a nightmare issue in our menus

the menu is inside a div of fixed width of 180px
the menuitem text is creating the problem
right now menuitem text is truncated on the basis of no of character but this is not the solution as 'CCCC' takes more space then 'iiii'

the menuitem css used is
font-family:Arial, helvetica,Geneva, sans-serif;
font-size:.75em;

now I'm changing the logic of truncation of menuitem text by using width of the string but issues are
1.i need to calculate width of the string according to the client machine
2. client's monitor resolution+installed fonts should be taken care of

so as everything is not possible so I'm trying to make an approximate approach by using MeasureString of graphics object but not getting the required result
i'm trying following code but cant make it complete

Bitmap bmForGraphics = new Bitmap(300, 300);
                    FontFamily fmServicenetMenuFont = new FontFamily("Arial");
                    Font fontServicenetMenuFont = new Font(fmServicenetMenuFont, 0.75f);
                    Graphics graphicsObject = System.Drawing.Graphics.FromImage(bmForGraphics);
                    graphicsObject.PageUnit = GraphicsUnit.Pixel;
                    //graphicsObject.PageScale = 1;
                    SizeF strTextWidth = graphicsObject.MeasureString(strText, fontServicenetMenuFont);

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Asked On: 2009-08-18 at 03:20:52ID24660871
Tags: C#
,; stringwidth
,; asp.net
Topics: C# Programming Language
,; Programming for ASP.NET
,; WebApplications
Participating Experts: 3
Points: 500
Comments: 16

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Answers

by: crazymanPosted on 2009-08-18 at 03:50:01ID: 25121724

Cant you just set the style of the div

overflow:hidden

Will stop the div from overflowing...

by: rakeshjaiminiPosted on 2009-08-18 at 03:55:40ID: 25121762

that wont work
i did this but the issue comes is the sub menus will open far away from its exact position also the black arrow image will not be shown in this case

the only solution is truncating the string with padding '...' in the end

by: sunithnairPosted on 2009-08-18 at 05:12:26ID: 25122321

Try using a Monospaced font like courier or courier new if possible.

by: rakeshjaiminiPosted on 2009-08-18 at 05:23:55ID: 25122405

not possible
have to use
font-family:Arial, helvetica,Geneva, sans-serif;
proportionately-spaced fonts

by: sunithnairPosted on 2009-08-18 at 06:15:14ID: 25122816

You could try something with javascript

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/282758/truncate-a-string-nicely-to-fit-within-a-given-pixel-width

<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">
function fitStringToWidth(str,width,className) {
  // str    A string where html-entities are allowed but no tags.
  // width  The maximum allowed width in pixels
  // className  A CSS class name with the desired font-name and font-size. (optional)
  // ----
  // _escTag is a helper to escape 'less than' and 'greater than'
  function _escTag(s){ return s.replace("<","&lt;").replace(">","&gt;");}
 
  //Create a span element that will be used to get the width
  var span = document.createElement("span");
  //Allow a classname to be set to get the right font-size.
  if (className) span.className=className;
  span.style.display='inline';
  span.style.visibility = 'hidden';
  span.style.padding = '0px';
  document.body.appendChild(span);
 
  var result = _escTag(str); // default to the whole string
  span.innerHTML = result;
  // Check if the string will fit in the allowed width. NOTE: if the width
  // can't be determinated (offsetWidth==0) the whole string will be returned.
  if (span.offsetWidth > width) {
    var posStart = 0, posMid, posEnd = str.length, posLength;
    // Calculate (posEnd - posStart) integer division by 2 and
    // assign it to posLength. Repeat until posLength is zero.
    while (posLength = (posEnd - posStart) >> 1) {
      posMid = posStart + posLength;
      //Get the string from the begining up to posMid;
      span.innerHTML = _escTag(str.substring(0,posMid)) + '&hellip;';
 
      // Check if the current width is too wide (set new end)
      // or too narrow (set new start)
      if ( span.offsetWidth > width ) posEnd = posMid; else posStart=posMid;
    }
 
    result = '<abbr title="' +
      str.replace("\"","&quot;") + '">' +
      _escTag(str.substring(0,posStart)) +
      '&hellip;<\/abbr>';
  }
  document.body.removeChild(span);
  return result;
}
</script>
<style type="text/css">
.style1
{
font-family:Arial, helvetica,Geneva, sans-serif;
font-size:.75em; 
}
.style2
{
font-family:Times New Roman, helvetica,Geneva, sans-serif;
font-size:.75em; 
}
.style3
{
font-family:Courier, helvetica,Geneva, sans-serif;
font-size:.75em; 
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
document.write(fitStringToWidth("This is just a test string",50,"style1") + "<br>")
document.write(fitStringToWidth("This is just a test string",50,"style2") + "<br>")
document.write(fitStringToWidth("This is just a test string",50,"style3") + "<br>")
alert(fitStringToWidth("This is just a test string",50,"style1"));
</script>
</html>

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by: sunithnairPosted on 2009-08-18 at 06:17:53ID: 25122839

Updated example here

<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">
function fitStringToWidth(str,width,className) {
  // str    A string where html-entities are allowed but no tags.
  // width  The maximum allowed width in pixels
  // className  A CSS class name with the desired font-name and font-size. (optional)
  // ----
  // _escTag is a helper to escape 'less than' and 'greater than'
  function _escTag(s){ return s.replace("<","&lt;").replace(">","&gt;");}
 
  //Create a span element that will be used to get the width
  var span = document.createElement("span");
  //Allow a classname to be set to get the right font-size.
  if (className) span.className=className;
  span.style.display='inline';
  span.style.visibility = 'hidden';
  span.style.padding = '0px';
  document.body.appendChild(span);
 
  var result = _escTag(str); // default to the whole string
  span.innerHTML = result;
  // Check if the string will fit in the allowed width. NOTE: if the width
  // can't be determinated (offsetWidth==0) the whole string will be returned.
  if (span.offsetWidth > width) {
    var posStart = 0, posMid, posEnd = str.length, posLength;
    // Calculate (posEnd - posStart) integer division by 2 and
    // assign it to posLength. Repeat until posLength is zero.
    while (posLength = (posEnd - posStart) >> 1) {
      posMid = posStart + posLength;
      //Get the string from the begining up to posMid;
      span.innerHTML = _escTag(str.substring(0,posMid)) + '&hellip;';
 
      // Check if the current width is too wide (set new end)
      // or too narrow (set new start)
      if ( span.offsetWidth > width ) posEnd = posMid; else posStart=posMid;
    }
 
    result = '<abbr title="' +
      str.replace("\"","&quot;") + '">' +
      _escTag(str.substring(0,posStart)) +
      '&hellip;<\/abbr>';
  }
  document.body.removeChild(span);
  return result;
}
</script>
<style type="text/css">
.style1
{
font-family:Arial, helvetica,Geneva, sans-serif;
font-size:.75em; 
}
.style2
{
font-family:Times New Roman, helvetica,Geneva, sans-serif;
font-size:.75em; 
}
.style3
{
font-family:Courier, helvetica,Geneva, sans-serif;
font-size:.75em; 
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
document.write("<div class='style1'>" + fitStringToWidth("This is just a test string",50,"style1") + "</div><br>")
document.write("<div class='style2'>" + fitStringToWidth("This is just a test string",50,"style2") + "</div><br>")
document.write("<div class='style3'>" + fitStringToWidth("This is just a test string",50,"style3") + "</div><br>")
</script>
</html>

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by: rakeshjaiminiPosted on 2009-08-18 at 06:22:06ID: 25122872

nice solution but i have already looked it earlier
the issue in this solution is my menu is a third party control so can use JavaScript but that wont be a feasible solution as i need to do lot of hardcoding(to get menuitem's text in javascript) in that case also there is performance constraint so have to do it on server side

i have also tried
text-overflow:ellipsis
but it wont help my case

by: sunithnairPosted on 2009-08-18 at 07:02:03ID: 25123274

I think it can only be done on the client side and you could do something like this. This would infact be better (performance) than trying to do it on the server side (if it is possible at all).

<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">
function fitStringToWidth(str,width,className) {
  // str    A string where html-entities are allowed but no tags.
  // width  The maximum allowed width in pixels
  // className  A CSS class name with the desired font-name and font-size. (optional)
  // ----
  // _escTag is a helper to escape 'less than' and 'greater than'
  function _escTag(s){ return s.replace("<","&lt;").replace(">","&gt;");}
 
  //Create a span element that will be used to get the width
  var span = document.createElement("span");
  //Allow a classname to be set to get the right font-size.
  if (className) span.className=className;
  span.style.display='inline';
  span.style.visibility = 'hidden';
  span.style.padding = '0px';
  document.body.appendChild(span);
 
  var result = _escTag(str); // default to the whole string
  span.innerHTML = result;
  // Check if the string will fit in the allowed width. NOTE: if the width
  // can't be determinated (offsetWidth==0) the whole string will be returned.
  if (span.offsetWidth > width) {
    var posStart = 0, posMid, posEnd = str.length, posLength;
    // Calculate (posEnd - posStart) integer division by 2 and
    // assign it to posLength. Repeat until posLength is zero.
    while (posLength = (posEnd - posStart) >> 1) {
      posMid = posStart + posLength;
      //Get the string from the begining up to posMid;
      span.innerHTML = _escTag(str.substring(0,posMid)) + '&hellip;';
 
      // Check if the current width is too wide (set new end)
      // or too narrow (set new start)
      if ( span.offsetWidth > width ) posEnd = posMid; else posStart=posMid;
    }
 
    result = '<abbr title="' +
      str.replace("\"","&quot;") + '">' +
      _escTag(str.substring(0,posStart)) +
      '&hellip;<\/abbr>';
  }
  document.body.removeChild(span);
  return result;
}
</script>
<style type="text/css">
.style1
{
font-family:Arial, helvetica,Geneva, sans-serif;
font-size:.75em; 
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="Menu1" class="style1">Visual Studio 2005</div>
<div id="Menu2" class="style1">SQL Server 2005</div>
<div id="Menu3" class="style1">Sharepoint 2007</div>
<div id="Menu4" class="style1">Microsoft Office 2007</div>
<div id="Menu5" class="style1">Visual Source Safe</div>
</body>
<script type="text/javascript">
var elements = document.getElementsByTagName("div");
for(var i=0;i<elements.length;i++)
{
    if(elements[i].id.indexOf("Menu") != -1)
        elements[i].innerHTML = fitStringToWidth(elements[i].innerHTML,100,"style1")
}
</script>
</html>

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by: rakeshjaiminiPosted on 2009-08-18 at 07:08:02ID: 25123328

it can be done in server side code
i have attached code of the same
but this code need to be corrected
it's not working fine as i'm getting point values from measurestring method where pixel is expected

by: abelPosted on 2009-08-18 at 16:04:22ID: 25128416

It seems that this question has received quite some coverage, but let me get into a few things, if I may:

Solving this server side is not just hard, it is close to impossible. It is not (always) trivial to get the dpi, the screen size and the zoom size for a page, and getting the installed fonts is simply not featured through javascript or any other means, so that's off.

It is possible to use a method similar to MeasureString. There are several such around, for GDI, GDI+ and for OpenGL for instance. The tricky bit is: they all give (slightly) different results. This has to do with kerning and rounding, but can be significant on any string larger then a few characters.

Not sure it's mentioned here already, but if the word-breaking algorithm comes into play if the string doesn't fit the maximum width of the target element, all browsers will act differently, which adds to the impossibility of solving this task.

There are only very few cases where I know of that it is really necessary to know the size of a string after rendering. If you explain us the actual requirement, we may be of more help. You show screenshots of menus that become too wide. If breaking the string is not an option, then the only thing you can do is add overflow: hidden to the CSS class. But you said it doesn't help you. Why? Can we perhaps help you make it work?

You say performance is an issue, but you want to solve it server side. I may be missing the point here, but usually, when performance is an issue, you try to have the client side do a larger part of the job. Having the server do it, will vastly decrease overall performance and influence all users. Using a simple JS solution (as provided) will only marginally impact the client side and will not impoverise other user's experiences when many requests need to be served. But this is my view of the story, I may be wrong for your specific scenario.

In short: if you want to cut the text, you don't want to invest weeks in an impossible and never-stable solution, instead, you'd want to make sure the overflow style works (either through JS or though CSS). A one liner with a sure result against a full project with an uncertain result. Alternatively, if you feel like you must have the exact size, the solution by sunithnair is a common way to solve this, is easy to apply and does not require performance.

Sorry if this was not really what you wanted to hear, but I felt giving you a fair extra eye (read: opinion) on the problem matter was a good thing to do here.

-- Abel --

by: rakeshjaiminiPosted on 2009-08-18 at 23:11:26ID: 25129966

Hi, abel first of all thanks for replying.i think some point are not clear to you from my question

It is not (always) trivial to get the dpi, the screen size and the zoom size for a page, and getting the installed fonts is simply not featured through javascript or any other means, so that's off.

things i can get on server side

the client machine current resolution(it is sent to server from login page-application always opened as maximized window)

Zoom size-->we assume it to be on default setting

client browser's text size-->we assume it to be on default setting

fonts-->font-family:Arial, helvetica,Geneva, sans-serif; (all fonts belongs to sans serif and i have checked it that character width remains same for whole sans serif family)

browser-only IE

OS-windows only

Not sure it's mentioned here already, but if the word-breaking algorithm comes into play if the string doesn't fit the maximum width of the target element, all browsers will act differently, which adds to the impossibility of solving this task.

about word breaking algorithm -i will do it by approximation that's not the problem

browser is IE only so that's not the problem

If breaking the string is not an option, then the only thing you can do is add overflow: hidden to the CSS class. But you said it doesn't help you. Why?

check attached screenshot

also the solution given by the sunithnair is nice but it wont work in my scenrio reason being menu is a third party control and id's are generated like 'navBarLeftMenu_navBarLeftMenu_p_SubNavBarItem5_menuAdmin' also the rendered text is inside td which dont have id

can't dig it more coz this is third party control :(

You say performance is an issue, but you want to solve it server side.

this is the tricky part in normal scenrio JS gives you performace boost but in our case its just opposite

also the reason i gave above that its an third party control.

please find my comments in below code it would be grateful if you can correct it

Bitmap bmForGraphics = new Bitmap(300, 300);
                    FontFamily fmServicenetMenuFont = new FontFamily("Arial");//here we can use generic families
                    Font fontServicenetMenuFont = new Font(fmServicenetMenuFont, 0.75f);//i'm confused here the font size given in css is 0.75em how can i specify same over here
                    Graphics graphicsObject = System.Drawing.Graphics.FromImage(bmForGraphics);
                    graphicsObject.PageUnit = GraphicsUnit.Pixel;//this thing not working i'm getting strTextWidth in points
                    //graphicsObject.PageScale = 1;
                    SizeF strTextWidth = graphicsObject.MeasureString(strText, fontServicenetMenuFont);//here wen i give 'CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC'it returns me 18 what's this 18 is? is it in points or pixel?

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issuehidden.JPG
- 23 KB
Issue with overflow:hidden

by: rakeshjaiminiPosted on 2009-08-19 at 02:04:13ID: 25130700

hi, i have achieved little bit by the given code
but now i'm getting different string width on different resolution i know my local machine is server and client both but i just want to approximate the width

800X600 197
1024X768 197
1152X864 224
1280X768 197
1280X800 197
1280X960 224

can you tell me why this width varies

Bitmap bmForGraphics = new Bitmap(300, 300);
                    FontFamily fmServicenetMenuFont = new FontFamily(System.Drawing.Text.GenericFontFamilies.SansSerif);                    
                    Font fontServicenetMenuFont = new Font(fmServicenetMenuFont, 12,GraphicsUnit.Pixel);
                    Graphics graphicsObject = Graphics.FromImage(bmForGraphics);
                    graphicsObject.PageUnit = GraphicsUnit.Pixel;
                    //graphicsObject.PageScale = 1;
                    SizeF strTextWidth = graphicsObject.MeasureString(strText, fontServicenetMenuFont);
                    if (strText.Contains("CCCCCCCC"))

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by: rakeshjaiminiPosted on 2009-08-19 at 02:44:26ID: 25130900

hi, please skip last comment as i'm getting same width for all resolution by using following code

Bitmap bmForGraphics = new Bitmap(300, 300);
                    FontFamily fmServicenetMenuFont = new FontFamily(System.Drawing.Text.GenericFontFamilies.SansSerif);                    
                    Font fontServicenetMenuFont = new Font(fmServicenetMenuFont, 12,GraphicsUnit.Pixel);
                    Graphics graphicsObject = Graphics.FromImage(bmForGraphics);
                    graphicsObject.PageUnit = GraphicsUnit.Pixel;
                    //graphicsObject.PageScale = 1;
                    SizeF strTextWidth = graphicsObject.MeasureString(strText, fontServicenetMenuFont);

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by: abelPosted on 2009-08-19 at 02:53:56ID: 25130938

The MeasureString gives a size (coordinates) that have units relative to the chosen 2D viewport. This is a GDI+ method and I don't think it is good to use it here, it will be quite hard to calculate the correct values from it.

Instead, use TextRenderer.MeasureText. This is a static method, uses GDI (not GDI+) which seems more appropriate for your situation. It also returns a value directly in pixels instead of a relative coordinate system. Something like the following should suit your needs:

Bitmap bmForGraphics = new Bitmap(300, 300);
FontFamily fmServicenetMenuFont = new FontFamily(System.Drawing.Text.GenericFontFamilies.SansSerif);                    
Font fontServicenetMenuFont = new Font(fmServicenetMenuFont, 12,GraphicsUnit.Pixel);
Size strTextSize = TextRenderer.MeasureText(strText, fontServicenetMenuFont);

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by: abelPosted on 2009-08-19 at 02:59:16ID: 25130962

PS: you can remove line 1 in my last code snippet.

If you feel like you should give a bounding rectangle (to know how the word breaks) you can use a third parameter which takes a Size object.

Thanks for going into details about my questions. I don't concur with your conclusions (the hard-to-get id names and the td not having an id can be worked around with using jQuery) but the way you put it, it seems that the front side is heavy as it is. But, more importantly, the overflow CSS style is not applied correctly. Puzzling that one out with FireBug in Firefox (I know you use IE) then you have a much leaner and meaner solution...

by: rakeshjaiminiPosted on 2009-08-19 at 07:52:53ID: 31656996

Thanks For your kind help
i'm using graphicsObject.MeasureString for now if i face any issue will switch to TextRenderer.MeasureText

20120131-EE-VQP-002

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