Question

CRC CRC-16-CCITT - before i go bald !!

Asked by: Swamprat1000

Hi All,

Before I go BALD from tearing my hair out I remembered my Experts Exchange account, hopefully you can save me. I am writing some softwear in C# to communicate over serial with a hardware device.

I need to send some commands such as (in hex):
FF 02 10 00 00 F0 93
0xFF = Header
0x02 = Length
0x10 = OpCode
0x00 = Option
0x00 = DataFlags
0xF0 = CRC
0x93 = CRC

NOTE:>>
The same CRC calculation is performed on all serial communications between the host
and the reader. The CRC is calculated on the Data Length, Command, Status Word, and
Data bytes. The header (SOH, 0xFF) is not included in the CRC.
A sample implementation of the CCITT CRC-16 algorithm is shown in this section. The
CRC_calcCrc8() function is written to calculate the CRC one byte at a time, with the
calculated value stored in crc_calc. The crc_calc value must be pre-loaded the first time
the CRC_calcCrc8() function is called with 0xFFFF to initialize the calculated CRC. The
final value of crc_calc is sent as the 16-bit CRC at the end of the message.
<<END NOTE

The above command works fine, but i need to know how the CRC is calculated. I have read the Wiki Pages on CRC and almost evey page i can find online ( even litterd my room with handwritten binary run throughs ) but to no avail. I am missing something fundamental.

I have attached the sample code that came in the documentation of the hardware but its only an example see the NOTE that came with it:
**CRC-16 checksum (high order byte first). CRC polynomial is
CCITT CRC-16, with a preload of 0xFFFF. This does not fully
specify the operation of the CRC.**

So if possible could someone try to explain this to me if you can ...  with well commented code as I am slowly going insane here trying to figure it out !!
A C# example would be nice using the above command.
999 point to the person crazy enough to try to drum this into me =))
Many Thanks,
Richard

/** @fn void CRC_calcCrc8(u16 *crcReg, u16 poly, u16 u8Data)
* @ Standard CRC calculation on an 8-bit piece of data. To make it
* CCITT-16, use poly=0x1021 and an initial crcReg=0xFFFF.
*
* Note: This function allows one to call it repeatedly to continue
* calculating a CRC. Thus, the first time it's called, it
* should have an initial crcReg of 0xFFFF, after which it
* can be called with its own result.
*
* @param *crcRegPointer to current CRC register.
* @param poly Polynomial to apply.
* @param u8Datau8 data to perform CRC on.
* @return None.
*/
void CRC_calcCrc8(u16 *crcReg, u16 poly, u16 u8Data)
{
u16 i;
u16 xorFlag;
u16 bit;
u16 dcdBitMask = 0x80;
for(i=0; i<8; i++)
{
// Get the carry bit. This determines if the polynomial should be
// xor'd with the CRC register.
xorFlag = *crcReg & 0x8000;
// Shift the bits over by one.
*crcReg <<= 1;
// Shift in the next bit in the data byte
bit = ((u8Data & dcdBitMask) == dcdBitMask);
*crcReg |= bit;
// XOR the polynomial
if(xorFlag)
{
*crcReg = *crcReg ^ poly;
}
// Shift over the dcd mask
dcdBitMask >>= 1;
}
}
                                  
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Asked On
2009-09-30 at 18:26:58ID24775723
Tags

CRC c# cyclic redundency check

Topics

C# Programming Language

,

C Programming Language

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Programming Languages

Participating Experts
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Answers

 

by: jhshuklaPosted on 2009-09-30 at 21:41:45ID: 25466017

have you tried this: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computation_of_CRC?
Also look at the Mathematics of CRC article. and wherever you read "polynomial," replace it with bit-string. makes understanding a little easier.

 

by: Swamprat1000Posted on 2009-10-01 at 07:28:46ID: 25469014

Hi Jhshukla,  yeah I read the Wiki and a host of other sites, even implimented a few online code examples just to see if it would work. So far no luck. The code example i tried is:

[1] http://www.sanity-free.org/133/crc_16_ccitt_in_csharp.html

We have even written it out by had on paper following the example guide in the DevGuide ( which should be attached ) but no luck.

And a good read on CRC is this:
http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~312/crc.txt


 

by: Swamprat1000Posted on 2009-10-01 at 10:53:20ID: 25471298

The Solution is given in the code below for C#.  Upon emailing the hardware manufacturer they were great and sent a Java copy of the class which is translated to c# below.

Note if you are working with ThingMajic readers I just found out that they have a .net API out now so you can avoide all this.

All the best.

public class crc16
    {
        /**
         * Calculate CRC16 with CCITT method for ThingMagic readers.
         *
         * @param bytes
         *            byte array to compute CRC for
         *
         * @return 16-bit CRC, unsigned
         */
        public ushort calculate(byte[] bytes)
        {
            int crc = 0xFFFF; // initial value
            // loop, calculating CRC for each byte of the string
            for (int byteIndex = 0; byteIndex < bytes.Length; byteIndex++)
            {
                ushort bit = 0x80; // initialize bit currently being tested
                for (int bitIndex = 0; bitIndex < 8; bitIndex++)
                {
                    bool xorFlag = ((crc & 0x8000) == 0x8000);
                    crc <<= 1;
                    if (((bytes[byteIndex] & bit) ^ (ushort)0xff) != (ushort)0xff)
                    {
                        crc = crc + 1;
                    }
                    if (xorFlag)
                    {
                        crc = crc ^ 0x1021;
                    }
                    bit >>= 1;
                }
            }
            return (ushort)crc;
        }
 
        /**
         * Converts a string to a byte array, assuming each byte is represented by
         * two characters in the parameter s. Example: "0009" would generate a byte
         * array consisting of the two bytes 0 and 9.
         *
         * @param s
         *            the string to convert
         *
         * @return an array of bytes
         */
        public byte[] ConvertStringToByteArray(String s)
        {
            byte[] bytes = new byte[s.Length / 2];
            int byteIndex = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < s.Length; i += 2)
            {
                byte b = Byte.Parse(s.Substring(i, i + 2));
                bytes[byteIndex++] = b;
            }
            return bytes;
        }
    /*
      public static void main(String[] args) {
      crc16 crcCalculator = new crc16();
      byte[] testBytes = crcCalculator.ConvertStringToByteArray(args[0]);
      short crc = crcCalculator.calculate(testBytes);
      Console.WriteLine("CRC16 = " + crc);
      //Console.WriteLine("CRC16 = " + Integer.toHexString(crc).toUpperCase());
        } */
    }

                                              
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by: _phoenix_Posted on 2009-10-01 at 12:32:57ID: 25472339

Here is the latest version for the Painless Guide To CRC. This is the best explanation of CRC algorithms I've ever found.

http://www.ross.net/crc/download/crc_v3.txt

I don't think I could explain it better, honestly.

 

by: jhshuklaPosted on 2009-10-02 at 09:11:16ID: 25479288

I think ConvertStringToByteArray is a little buggy. Byte.Parse(String, NumberStyles) instead of Byte.Parse(String) would be more appropriate: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/k0s9b1y3.aspx

 

by: PC-KIDPosted on 2010-02-11 at 18:05:42ID: 26551315

does CRC16-CCITT = X^16 + X^15+x^2+1?
in other words, would this code work for CRC16 of that polynomial?

20120131-EE-VQP-002

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