Hi experts,
I'm developing an application using Tomcat with Oracle database. I have a problem with connection pooling that I can't solve.
What must I do to have connnection pooling successful?
The error I get is
javax.naming.NameNotFoundE
xception: Name jdbc is not bound in this context
at org.apache.naming.NamingCo
ntext.look
up(NamingC
ontext.jav
a:811)
.
.
.
.
My server.xml file is
<!-- Example Server Configuration File -->
<!-- Note that component elements are nested corresponding to their
parent-child relationships with each other -->
<!-- A "Server" is a singleton element that represents the entire JVM,
which may contain one or more "Service" instances. The Server
listens for a shutdown command on the indicated port.
Note: A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
define subcomponents such as "Valves" or "Loggers" at this level.
-->
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN" debug="0">
<!-- Uncomment these entries to enable JMX MBeans support -->
<Listener className="org.apache.cata
lina.mbean
s.ServerLi
fecycleLis
tener"
debug="0"/>
<Listener className="org.apache.cata
lina.mbean
s.GlobalRe
sourcesLif
ecycleList
ener"
debug="0"/>
<!-- Global JNDI resources -->
<GlobalNamingResources>
<!-- Test entry for demonstration purposes -->
<Environment name="simpleValue" type="java.lang.Integer" value="30"/>
<!-- Editable user database that can also be used by
UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users -->
<Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
type="org.apache.catalina.
UserDataba
se"
description="User database that can be updated and saved">
</Resource>
<ResourceParams name="UserDatabase">
<parameter>
<name>factory</name>
<value>org.apache.catalina
.users.Mem
oryUserDat
abaseFacto
ry</value>
</parameter>
<parameter>
<name>pathname</name>
<value>conf/tomcat-users.x
ml</value>
</parameter>
</ResourceParams>
</GlobalNamingResources>
<!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
a single "Container" (and therefore the web applications visible
within that Container). Normally, that Container is an "Engine",
but this is not required.
Note: A "Service" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
define subcomponents such as "Valves" or "Loggers" at this level.
-->
<!-- Define the Tomcat Stand-Alone Service -->
<Service name="Tomcat-Standalone">
<!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
and responses are returned. Each Connector passes requests on to the
associated "Container" (normally an Engine) for processing.
By default, a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector is established on port 8080.
You can also enable an SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 by
following the instructions below and uncommenting the second Connector
entry. SSL support requires the following steps (see the SSL Config
HOWTO in the Tomcat 4.0 documentation bundle for more detailed
instructions):
* Download and install JSSE 1.0.2 or later, and put the JAR files
into "$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/ext".
* Execute:
%JAVA_HOME%\bin\keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA (Windows)
$JAVA_HOME/bin/keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA (Unix)
with a password value of "changeit" for both the certificate and
the keystore itself.
By default, DNS lookups are enabled when a web application calls
request.getRemoteHost(). This can have an adverse impact on
performance, so you can disable it by setting the
"enableLookups" attribute to "false". When DNS lookups are disabled,
request.getRemoteHost() will return the String version of the
IP address of the remote client.
-->
<!-- Define a non-SSL Coyote HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8081 -->
<Connector className="org.apache.coyo
te.tomcat4
.CoyoteCon
nector"
port="888" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="75"
enableLookups="true" redirectPort="8443"
acceptCount="100" debug="0" connectionTimeout="20000"
useURIValidationHack="fals
e" disableUploadTimeout="true
" />
<!-- Note : To disable connection timeouts, set connectionTimeout value
to -1 -->
<!-- Define a SSL Coyote HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 -->
<!--
<Connector className="org.apache.coyo
te.tomcat4
.CoyoteCon
nector"
port="8443" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="75"
enableLookups="true"
acceptCount="100" debug="0" scheme="https" secure="true"
useURIValidationHack="fals
e" disableUploadTimeout="true
">
<Factory className="org.apache.coyo
te.tomcat4
.CoyoteSer
verSocketF
actory"
clientAuth="false" protocol="TLS" />
</Connector>
-->
<!-- Define a Coyote/JK2 AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
<Connector className="org.apache.coyo
te.tomcat4
.CoyoteCon
nector"
port="8009" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="75"
enableLookups="true" redirectPort="8443"
acceptCount="10" debug="0" connectionTimeout="20000"
useURIValidationHack="fals
e"
protocolHandlerClassName="
org.apache
.jk.server
.JkCoyoteH
andler"/>
<!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
<!--
<Connector className="org.apache.ajp.
tomcat4.Aj
p13Connect
or"
port="8009" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="75"
acceptCount="10" debug="0"/>
-->
<!-- Define a Proxied HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8082 -->
<!-- See proxy documentation for more information about using this. -->
<!--
<Connector className="org.apache.coyo
te.tomcat4
.CoyoteCon
nector"
port="8082" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="75"
enableLookups="true" disableUploadTimeout="true
"
acceptCount="100" debug="0" connectionTimeout="20000"
proxyPort="80" useURIValidationHack="fals
e" />
-->
<!-- Define a non-SSL legacy HTTP/1.1 Test Connector on port 8083 -->
<!--
<Connector className="org.apache.cata
lina.conne
ctor.http.
HttpConnec
tor"
port="8083" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="75"
enableLookups="true" redirectPort="8443"
acceptCount="10" debug="0" />
-->
<!-- Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.0 Test Connector on port 8084 -->
<!--
<Connector className="org.apache.cata
lina.conne
ctor.http1
0.HttpConn
ector"
port="8084" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="75"
enableLookups="true" redirectPort="8443"
acceptCount="10" debug="0" />
-->
<!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
every request. The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
on to the appropriate Host (virtual host). -->
<!-- Define the top level container in our container hierarchy -->
<Engine name="Standalone" defaultHost="localhost" debug="0">
<!-- The request dumper valve dumps useful debugging information about
the request headers and cookies that were received, and the response
headers and cookies that were sent, for all requests received by
this instance of Tomcat. If you care only about requests to a
particular virtual host, or a particular application, nest this
element inside the corresponding <Host> or <Context> entry instead.
For a similar mechanism that is portable to all Servlet 2.3
containers, check out the "RequestDumperFilter" Filter in the
example application (the source for this filter may be found in
"$CATALINA_HOME/webapps/ex
amples/WEB
-INF/class
es/filters
").
Request dumping is disabled by default. Uncomment the following
element to enable it. -->
<!--
<Valve className="org.apache.cata
lina.valve
s.RequestD
umperValve
"/>
-->
<!-- Global logger unless overridden at lower levels -->
<Logger className="org.apache.cata
lina.logge
r.FileLogg
er"
prefix="catalina_log." suffix=".txt"
timestamp="true"/>
<!-- Because this Realm is here, an instance will be shared globally -->
<!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI
resources under the key "UserDatabase". Any edits
that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately
available for use by the Realm. -->
<Realm className="org.apache.cata
lina.realm
.UserDatab
aseRealm"
debug="0" resourceName="UserDatabase
"/>
<!-- Comment out the old realm but leave here for now in case we
need to go back quickly -->
<!--
<Realm className="org.apache.cata
lina.realm
.MemoryRea
lm" />
-->
<!-- Replace the above Realm with one of the following to get a Realm
stored in a database and accessed via JDBC -->
<!--
<Realm className="org.apache.cata
lina.realm
.JDBCRealm
" debug="99"
driverName="org.gjt.mm.mys
ql.Driver"
connectionURL="jdbc:mysql:
//localhos
t/authorit
y"
connectionName="test" connectionPassword="test"
userTable="users" userNameCol="user_name" userCredCol="user_pass"
userRoleTable="user_roles"
roleNameCol="role_name" />
-->
<!--
<Realm className="org.apache.cata
lina.realm
.JDBCRealm
" debug="99"
driverName="oracle.jdbc.dr
iver.Oracl
eDriver"
connectionURL="jdbc:oracle
:thin:@nts
erver:1521
:ORCL"
connectionName="scott" connectionPassword="tiger"
userTable="users" userNameCol="user_name" userCredCol="user_pass"
userRoleTable="user_roles"
roleNameCol="role_name" />
-->
<!--
<Realm className="org.apache.cata
lina.realm
.JDBCRealm
" debug="99"
driverName="sun.jdbc.odbc.
JdbcOdbcDr
iver"
connectionURL="jdbc:odbc:C
ATALINA"
userTable="users" userNameCol="user_name" userCredCol="user_pass"
userRoleTable="user_roles"
roleNameCol="role_name" />
-->
<!-- Define the default virtual host -->
<Host name="localhost" debug="0" appBase="webapps"
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
<!-- Normally, users must authenticate themselves to each web app
individually. Uncomment the following entry if you would like
a user to be authenticated the first time they encounter a
resource protected by a security constraint, and then have that
user identity maintained across *all* web applications contained
in this virtual host. -->
<!--
<Valve className="org.apache.cata
lina.authe
nticator.S
ingleSignO
n"
debug="0"/>
-->
<!-- Access log processes all requests for this virtual host. By
default, log files are created in the "logs" directory relative to
$CATALINA_HOME. If you wish, you can specify a different
directory with the "directory" attribute. Specify either a relative
(to $CATALINA_HOME) or absolute path to the desired directory.
-->
<!--
<Valve className="org.apache.cata
lina.valve
s.AccessLo
gValve"
directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_l
og." suffix=".txt"
pattern="common" resolveHosts="false"/>
-->
<!-- Logger shared by all Contexts related to this virtual host. By
default (when using FileLogger), log files are created in the "logs"
directory relative to $CATALINA_HOME. If you wish, you can specify
a different directory with the "directory" attribute. Specify either a
relative (to $CATALINA_HOME) or absolute path to the desired
directory.-->
<Logger className="org.apache.cata
lina.logge
r.FileLogg
er"
directory="logs" prefix="localhost_log." suffix=".txt"
timestamp="true"/>
<!-- Define properties for each web application. This is only needed
if you want to set non-default properties, or have web application
document roots in places other than the virtual host's appBase
directory. -->
<!-- Tomcat Root Context -->
<!--
<Context path="" docBase="ROOT" debug="0"/>
-->
<!-- Tomcat Examples Context -->
<Context path="/examples" docBase="examples" debug="0"
reloadable="true" crossContext="true">
<Logger className="org.apache.cata
lina.logge
r.FileLogg
er"
prefix="localhost_examples
_log." suffix=".txt"
timestamp="true"/>
<Ejb name="ejb/EmplRecord" type="Entity"
home="com.wombat.empl.Empl
oyeeRecord
Home"
remote="com.wombat.empl.Em
ployeeReco
rd"/>
<!-- If you wanted the examples app to be able to edit the
user database, you would uncomment the following entry.
Of course, you would want to enable security on the
application as well, so this is not done by default!
The database object could be accessed like this:
Context initCtx = new InitialContext();
Context envCtx = (Context) initCtx.lookup("java:comp/
env");
UserDatabase database =
(UserDatabase) envCtx.lookup("userDatabas
e");
-->
<!--
<ResourceLink name="userDatabase" global="UserDatabase"
type="org.apache.catalina.
UserDataba
se"/>
-->
<!-- PersistentManager: Uncomment the section below to test Persistent
Sessions.
saveOnRestart: If true, all active sessions will be saved
to the Store when Catalina is shutdown, regardless of
other settings. All Sessions found in the Store will be
loaded on startup. Sessions past their expiration are
ignored in both cases.
maxActiveSessions: If 0 or greater, having too many active
sessions will result in some being swapped out. minIdleSwap
limits this. -1 means unlimited sessions are allowed.
0 means sessions will almost always be swapped out after
use - this will be noticeably slow for your users.
minIdleSwap: Sessions must be idle for at least this long
(in seconds) before they will be swapped out due to
maxActiveSessions. This avoids thrashing when the site is
highly active. -1 or 0 means there is no minimum - sessions
can be swapped out at any time.
maxIdleSwap: Sessions will be swapped out if idle for this
long (in seconds). If minIdleSwap is higher, then it will
override this. This isn't exact: it is checked periodically.
-1 means sessions won't be swapped out for this reason,
although they may be swapped out for maxActiveSessions.
If set to >= 0, guarantees that all sessions found in the
Store will be loaded on startup.
maxIdleBackup: Sessions will be backed up (saved to the Store,
but left in active memory) if idle for this long (in seconds),
and all sessions found in the Store will be loaded on startup.
If set to -1 sessions will not be backed up, 0 means they
should be backed up shortly after being used.
To clear sessions from the Store, set maxActiveSessions, maxIdleSwap,
and minIdleBackup all to -1, saveOnRestart to false, then restart
Catalina.
-->
<!--
<Manager className="org.apache.cata
lina.sessi
on.Persist
entManager
"
debug="0"
saveOnRestart="true"
maxActiveSessions="-1"
minIdleSwap="-1"
maxIdleSwap="-1"
maxIdleBackup="-1">
<Store className="org.apache.cata
lina.sessi
on.FileSto
re"/>
</Manager>
-->
<Environment name="maxExemptions" type="java.lang.Integer"
value="15"/>
<Parameter name="context.param.name" value="context.param.value
"
override="false"/>
<Resource name="jdbc/EmployeeAppDb" auth="SERVLET"
type="javax.sql.DataSource
"/>
<ResourceParams name="jdbc/EmployeeAppDb">
<parameter><name>user</nam
e><value>s
a</value><
/parameter
>
<parameter><name>password<
/name><val
ue></value
></paramet
er>
<parameter><name>driverCla
ssName</na
me>
<value>org.hsql.jdbcDriver
</value></
parameter>
<parameter><name>driverNam
e</name>
<value>jdbc:HypersonicSQL:
database</
value></pa
rameter>
</ResourceParams>
<Resource name="mail/Session" auth="Container"
type="javax.mail.Session"/
>
<ResourceParams name="mail/Session">
<parameter>
<name>mail.smtp.host</name
>
<value>localhost</value>
</parameter>
</ResourceParams>
<ResourceLink name="linkToGlobalResource
"
global="simpleValue"
type="java.lang.Integer"/>
</Context>
<!--Context path="/cmg-crm" reloadable="true" docBase="C:\project\cmg-cr
m" workDir="C:\project\cmg-cr
m\work\org
\apache\js
p"/>
<Context path="/cmg-crm" reloadable="true" docBase="C:\project\cmg-cr
m" workDir="C:\project\cmg-cr
m\jsp"/>--
>
<Context path="/cmgcrm" reloadable="true" docBase="cmgcrm" crossContext="true" debug="0"/>
<Resource name="jdbc/OracleDS"
auth="Container"
type="javax.sql.DataSource
"/>
<ResourceParams name="jdbc/OracleDS">
<parameter>
<name>factory</name>
<value>org.apache.commons.
dbcp.Basic
DataSource
Factory</v
alue>
</parameter>
<!-- Maximum number of dB connections in pool. Make sure you
configure your mysqld max_connections large enough to handle
all of your db connections. Set to 0 for no limit.
-->
<parameter>
<name>maxActive</name>
<value>100</value>
</parameter>
<!-- Maximum number of idle dB connections to retain in pool.
Set to 0 for no limit.
-->
<parameter>
<name>maxIdle</name>
<value>30</value>
</parameter>
<!-- Maximum time to wait for a dB connection to become available
in ms, in this example 10 seconds. An Exception is thrown if
this timeout is exceeded. Set to -1 to wait indefinitely.
-->
<parameter>
<name>maxWait</name>
<value>10000</value>
</parameter>
<!-- MySQL dB username and password for dB connections -->
<parameter>
<name>username</name>
<value>cmg_crm</value>
</parameter>
<parameter>
<name>password</name>
<value>cmg_crm</value>
</parameter>
<!-- Class name for mm.mysql JDBC driver -->
<parameter>
<name>driverClassName</nam
e>
<value>oracle.jdbc.driver.
OracleDriv
er</value>
</parameter>
<!-- The JDBC connection url for connecting to your MySQL dB.
The autoReconnect=true argument to the url makes sure that
the mm.mysql JDBC Driver will automatically reconnect if mysqld
closed the connection. mysqld by default closes idle connections after
8 hours.
-->
<parameter>
<name>url</name>
<value>jdbc:oracle:thin:@1
0.9.8.54:1
521:cmgdev
</value>
</parameter>
</ResourceParams>
</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
<!-- The MOD_WEBAPP connector is used to connect Apache 1.3 with Tomcat 4.0
as its servlet container. Please read the README.txt file coming with
the WebApp Module distribution on how to build it.
(Or check out the "jakarta-tomcat-connectors
/webapp" CVS repository)
To configure the Apache side, you must ensure that you have the
"ServerName" and "Port" directives defined in "httpd.conf". Then,
lines like these to the bottom of your "httpd.conf" file:
LoadModule webapp_module libexec/mod_webapp.so
WebAppConnection warpConnection warp localhost:8008
WebAppDeploy examples warpConnection /examples/
The next time you restart Apache (after restarting Tomcat, if needed)
the connection will be established, and all applications you make
visible via "WebAppDeploy" directives can be accessed through Apache.
-->
<!-- Define an Apache-Connector Service -->
<!--
<Service name="Tomcat-Apache">
<Connector className="org.apache.cata
lina.conne
ctor.warp.
WarpConnec
tor"
port="8008" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="75"
enableLookups="true" appBase="webapps"
acceptCount="10" debug="0"/>
<Engine className="org.apache.cata
lina.conne
ctor.warp.
WarpEngine
"
name="Apache" debug="0">
<Logger className="org.apache.cata
lina.logge
r.FileLogg
er"
prefix="apache_log." suffix=".txt"
timestamp="true"/>
<Realm className="org.apache.cata
lina.realm
.MemoryRea
lm" />
</Engine>
</Service>
-->
</Server>
In case if you need to read my programs that accesses the database.
package my.com.cmg.crm.base;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.*;
import java.sql.Connection;
import javax.naming.InitialContex
t;
import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import my.com.cmg.crm.util.Proper
tyLoader;
public class BaseDAO {
protected Connection con;
static String iContext = "", callFrm = "";
static Properties p = null;
Context initialContext = null;
public static void setInitContext(String iconx){
//System.out.println("Hi..
the context is " + iconx);
if(iconx.equals("C")){
// oracle datasource
iContext = "jdbc/OfficerDS";
}else{
// tomcat datasource
iContext = "java:/comp/env/jdbc/Oracl
eDS";
}
}
public static void setJdbcCall(){
callFrm = "deamon";
}
public static void resetJdbcCall(){
callFrm = "";
}
protected Connection getConnection() throws Exception{
if(callFrm.equals("deamon"
)){
return getConnDriver();
}else{
initialContext = new InitialContext();
DataSource ds = (DataSource)initialContext
.lookup(iC
ontext);
this.con = ds.getConnection();
return this.con;
}
}
protected void testConnection(){
try{
System.out.println("in Base DAO , connection is : "+con);
System.out.println("Creati
ng statement");
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
System.out.println("After Creating statement");
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("Select * from tab");
System.out.println("After getting resultset");
while (rs.next()){
System.out.println(rs.getS
tring(1));
}
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
protected void returnConnection(){
try{
this.con.close();
}catch(Exception e){
this.con = null;
}
}
//change to public by ricky from protected
protected void returnConnection(Connectio
n oCon){
try{
oCon.close();
}catch(Exception e){
oCon = null;
}
}
protected void returnConnection(Statement
stmt,ResultSet rs){
try{
this.con.close();
if (stmt != null){
stmt.close();
}
if (rs != null){
rs.close();
}
}catch(Exception e){
this.con = null;
}
}
public void returnNewConnection(Connec
tion oCon,Statement stmt,ResultSet rs){
try{
if (stmt != null){
stmt.close();
}
if (rs != null){
rs.close();
}
oCon.close();
}catch(Exception e){
this.con = null;
}
}
public Connection getNewConnection() throws Exception{
Context initialContext = new InitialContext();
DataSource ds = (DataSource)initialContext
.lookup(iC
ontext);
return ds.getConnection();
}
//Used by standalone daemon program to get connection
//change to public from private by ricky
private Connection getConnDriver() throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException, Exception {
PropertyLoader.load();
String driver = PropertyLoader.getValue("d
rivername"
);
System.out.println("Hi..th
e driver is " + driver);
String connectString = PropertyLoader.getValue("d
burl");
String user = PropertyLoader.getValue("u
sername");
String password = PropertyLoader.getValue("p
assword");
/*String driver = "oracle.jdbc.driver.Oracle
Driver";
String connectString = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@10.9.8.
54:1521:cm
gdev";
String user = "cmgcrm";
String password = "cmgcrm";*/
Class.forName(driver);
this.con = DriverManager.getConnectio
n(connectS
tring, user, password);
return this.con;
}
public final static void main(String[] args){
try{
BaseDAO oDAO = new BaseDAO();
Connection con =oDAO.getConnDriver();
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("select itm_item_code from t_item_mstr ");
while (rs.next()){
System.out.println(rs.getS
tring("ITM
_ITEM_CODE
"));
}
stmt.close();
rs.close();
oDAO.returnConnection(con)
;
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
package my.com.cmg.crm.common.mode
l;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import my.com.cmg.crm.base.BaseDA
O;
import my.com.cmg.crm.common.vo.U
serVO;
public class LoginDAO extends BaseDAO {
public LoginDAO() {
}
public UserVO authenLogin(String userID, String password) throws Exception {
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
UserVO userVO = null;
BaseDAO.setInitContext("C"
);
String sqlGetUser
= "SELECT * FROM USERS "
+ "where upper(LOGIN_NAME) = '" + userID.toUpperCase()
+ "' and PASSWORD = '" + password + "'";
try{
con = getConnection();
//con = getConnDriver();
pstmt = con.prepareStatement(sqlGe
tUser);
rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
if(rs.next()){
userVO = new UserVO();
userVO.setUserID(rs.getStr
ing("USER_
ID"));
userVO.setLoginName(rs.get
String("LO
GIN_NAME")
);
userVO.setPassword(rs.getS
tring("PAS
SWORD"));
userVO.setPasswordHint(rs.
getString(
"PASSWORD_
HINT"));
userVO.setUserName(rs.getS
tring("USE
R_NAME"));
userVO.setGender(rs.getInt
("GENDER")
);
userVO.setUserNRICPassport
(rs.getStr
ing("NRIC_
PASSPORT")
);
userVO.setEmployeeID(rs.ge
tString("E
MPLOYEE_ID
"));
userVO.setRaceID(rs.getInt
("RACE_ID"
));
userVO.setBranchID(rs.getI
nt("BRANCH
_ID"));
userVO.setDepartmentID(rs.
getInt("DE
PARTMENT_I
D"));
userVO.setRemarks(rs.getSt
ring("REMA
RKS"));
userVO.setUpdateBy(rs.getS
tring("UPD
ATE_BY"));
userVO.setUpdateDate(rs.ge
tString("U
PDATE_DATE
"));
}
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
throw e;
}
finally{
if(pstmt != null)
pstmt.close();
if(rs != null)
rs.close();
returnConnection();
//returnConnection(con);
return userVO;
}
}
}
Please help me..