Question

Shell / sql script to check Oracle current number of processes used : ORA-00020 00018 exceeded

Asked by: sunhux

I recently ran into the following 2 issues :
ORA-00020: maximum number of processes (%s) exceeded
ORA-00018: maximum number of sessions (%s) exceeded

Following link described the problem :
http://ora-00020.ora-code.com/msg/40800.html

I can't recall what one of my DBA colleague taught me to do over the phone (I'm no DBA) :
alter ... spfile=500  ( to increase from current 300 processes to 500 )  & then followed by
command below (perhaps I'm missing one more command)  to verify the value have been
changed :
    show parameter session

My management asks : how can I monitor if we'll run close to exceeding these resource/parameters again;  so I'll need a way to monitor if the number of SGA
processes and sessions came close to being exceeded again.

So I'll need a script that I can put into crontab (to run every minute) to do the following :
select count(*) from v$process;
if the above hits 80% of the current set max limit, email to notify me
select count(*) from v$session;
if the above hits 80% of the current set max limit, email to notify me

I can't figure out how to embed  the above sql commands in a Shell
script.  I'm running on HP-UX B11.13 on PA-RISC

This Question has been solved and asker verified All Experts Exchange premium technology solutions are available to subscription members.

Subscribe now for full access to Experts Exchange and get

Instant Access to this Solution

  • Plus...
  • 30 Day FREE access, no risk, no obligation
  • Collaborate with the world's top tech experts
  • Unlimited access to our exclusive solution database
  • Never be left without tech help again

Subscribe Now

Asked On
2009-05-11 at 10:04:14ID24398685
Tags

Shell script to check Oracle current number of processes and sessions

Topics

KornShell (ksh)

,

PL / SQL

,

Bourne Shell (sh)

Participating Experts
2
Points
390
Comments
8

Trusted by hundreds of thousands everyday for fast, accurate and reliable tech support.

  • "The time we save is the biggest benefit of Experts Exchange to Warner Bros. What could take multiple guys 2 hours or more each to find is accessed in around 15 minutes on Experts Exchange." Mike Kapnisakis, Warner Bros.
  • "Our team likes having a resource that is more secure than just using Google and most experts using this service really know their stuff. It's nice to look here first versus using Google." Dayna Sellner, Lockheed Martin
  • "Anytime that I've been stumped with a problem, 9 out of 10 times Experts Exchange has either the accepted solution or an open discussion of the potential solution to the problem." Kenny Red, eBay Inc.

See what Experts Exchange can do for you.

Got a question?

We've got the answer.

Experts Exchange has been collecting answers to technology questions since 1996…3 million and counting! If you have a question, chances are we already have your answer.

Screenshot of Experts Exchange Knowledgebase

Need individual assistance?

Our experts are ready to help.

If you can't find the exact answer you're looking for, ask our exclusive community of 50,000 experts. You’ll get a personalized answer from a trusted professional.

Screenshot of Experts Exchange Knowledgebase

Want to learn from the best?

Read articles from industry experts.

Thousands of free tech tips, tricks, how-to’s and tutorials are available in our peer reviewed articles section. See for yourself how smart our experts are, no login required.

Screenshot of an Article

Working on a long term project?

Store your work and research.

Save solutions to your questions, answers you’ve discovered through searching plus helpful articles in your personal knowledgebase for easy future access.

Screenshot of Experts Exchange Knowledgebase

Access the answers to your technology questions today.

Subscribe Now

30-day free trial. Register in 60 seconds.

What Makes Experts Exchange Unique?

Members of the expert community talk about why the experience at Experts Exchange is different than what you will find anywhere else.

Trusted by the world's most respected brands.

image of each brand's logo

Faithfully serving IT professionals since 1996.

Experts Exchange Logo

Try it out and discover for yourself.

Subscribe Now

30-day free trial. Register in 60 seconds.

Related Solutions

  1. Problem Installing Oracle HP-UX
    I have re-installed Oracle 8.1.5 manytimes and each time it has failed. I am trying to install it on a HP 9000 server running HP-UX 11.0 OS. The problem I am having is as follows:- * I get an error saying Error in detecting National Character Set when the installation start...
  2. Oracle DBA
    How to proceed with Oracle DBA ..
  3. Operatin system buffer size, hp-ux
    I am an Oracle DBA, I would like to find out the I/O buffer size of our operating sytem, HP-UX 11.11. This will help me determine the correct parameter setting for DB_FILE_MULTIBLOCK_READ_COUNT in oracle. Just from past experience I believe the buffer size for HP-UX is norm...
  4. oracle-dba
    Hi, please tell me what a DBA must know and how can i become a DBA. Thanks
  5. Maximum limit of Oracle sessions / processes in Oracle 9i…
    Hi, The link below said number 32000 is the max limit number of processes that can be set in Oracle 10g : http://forums.oracle.com/forums/thread.jspa?threadID=540004 The number of Oracle processes I'm referring to are illustrated below : SQL>show parameter processes; NA...

Free Tech Articles

  1. WARNING: 5 Reasons why you should NEVER fix a computer for free.
    It is in our nature to love the puzzle. We are obsessed. The lot of us. We love puzzles. We love the challenge. We thrive on finding the answer. We hate disarray. It bothers us deep in our soul. W...
  2. SCCM OSD Basic troubleshooting
    SCCM 2007 OSD is a fantastic way to deploy operating systems, however, like most things SCCM issues can sometimes be difficult to resolve due to the sheer volume of logs to sift through and the dispe...
  3. Migrate Small Business Server 2003 to Exchange 2010 and Windows 2008 R2
    This guide is intended to provide step by step instructions on how to migrate from Small Business Server 2003 to Windows 2008 R2 with Exchange 2010. For this migration to work you will need the fo...
  4. Create a Win7 Gadget
    This article shows you how to create a simple "Gadget" -- a sort of mini-application supported by Windows 7 and Vista. Gadgets can be dropped anywhere on the desktop to provide instant information, ...
  5. Outlook continually prompting for username and password
    There have been a lot of questions recently regarding Outlook prompting for a username and password whilst using Exchange 2007. There are a few reasons why this would happen and I will try to cover t...
  6. Backup Exchange 2010 Information Store using Windows Backup
    There seems to be quite a lot of confusion around the ability to backup Exchange 2010 using the built in Windows Backup feature. This stems from the omission of this feature prior to Exchange 2007 s...

Cloud Class Webinars

  1. Avoiding Bugs in Microsoft Access
    Alison Balter takes and in-depth look at avoiding bugs in Access. In this webinar you will learn about using the immediate window to debug your applications, invoking the debugger, using breakpoints to troubleshoot, stepping through code, setting the next statement to execute, ...
  2. Top 10 Best New Features in Visio 2010
    Scott Helmers gives live demonstrations of the top 10 new features in Visio 2010. This webinar will teach you how to create compelling diagrams by adding shapes to the page with a single click, linking the shapes in a diagram to data in Excel (or SQL Server, or SharePoint), ...
  3. IT Consultant Business Secrets Revealed
    Michael Munger, Experts Exchange tech pro and IT consultant, pulls back the curtain on his very successful businesses and answers question on every IT consultant and business owner should know about. He shares secrets on what he did to solve the 5 most common problems in IT, ...
  4. Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity
    Quest CTO, Mike Billon, gives an overview of the steps involved in building a dunamic disaster recovery plan. Through case studies and an examination of software/hardware tooles for monitoring and testing, you'll gain a better understandin of where you are, where you want ...
  5. Organize Your Visio Diagrams with Containers and Lists
    Scott Helmers uses cross functional flowcharts, wireframe diagrams, data graphic legends and seating charts to teach you: how to ustilize all three new structured diagram components in Visio 2010, the best practices for organizeing shapes in previous version of Visio, how to organize ...
  6. How to Us Objects, Properties, Events and Methods in Microsoft Access
    Alison Dalter gives an in-depbth look at objects, properties, events and methods in Microsoft Access. In this webinar you will learn about using the object browser, referring to objects, working with properties and methods, working with object variables, understanding the ...

Join the Community

Give a Little. Get a Lot.

Join the community of experts here and help other tech pros by answering question in your area of expertise. You can earn FREE access to all Experts Exchange's premium features and resources.

Join the Community

Answers

 

by: woolmilkporcPosted on 2009-05-11 at 10:35:16ID: 24356952

Just to give you an idea how it could be done:

#!/bin/ksh
sqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF 1> /tmp/sesspro.$$
     connect user/pass@database
     set serveroutput on
     set hea off pagesize 0 feedback off
     select "processes", count(*) from v$process;
     select "sessions", count(*) from v$session;
     quit
EOF

cat  /tmp/sesspro.$$  | while read line
 do
   set $line
   [ $1 == "processes" -a $2 -gt 80 ] && echo "Too much processes" | mail -s "DB alert" recipient@domain.tld
    [ $1 == "sessions" -a $2 -gt 80 ] && echo "Too much sessions" | mail -s "DB alert" recipient@domain.tld
  done

rm /tmp/sesspro.$$

 exit

I've not the time to test it right now, so please be careful!

wmp



 

by: woolmilkporcPosted on 2009-05-11 at 10:41:01ID: 24357014

.... sorry, didn't see that you are talking about 80 % , not 80 sessions/processes! Will try to work it out later.

 

by: woolmilkporcPosted on 2009-05-11 at 12:40:39ID: 24358233

OK, I'll attach a more serious try now.

Note that a normal ksh has only integer arithmetics, so results are rounded.

Note further that, if run every minute, you will receive lots of mails once the limit gets hit.
The other day I wrote a script here at EE which dealt with such a problem. Here is the link:

http://www.experts-exchange.com/Database/Oracle/Q_24248161.html#23939343

Maybe you can incorporate it by yourself.

I didn't include very meaningful email messages. You should tailor that according to your needs.

As for cron, to get a reliable environment, the script should be started from root's crontab with a 'su -' to the appropriate DB userid whose profile contains the required settings.

* * * * * su - dbuser -c /path/to/script >/dev/null 2>&1

Should you decide to run it from dbuser's crontab, you must set all needed ORACLE variables, such as ORACLE_HOME . ORACLE_SID etc. in the script.

Escaping the '$' signs in the 'select' statements ('\$') is very important. Leave as is!

Good luck!

wmp

#!/bin/ksh
SESSWARN=80
PROCWARN=80
MAILTO=recipient@domain.tld
TEMPFILE=/tmp/spwarn.$$
USER=dbuser
PASS=dbpass
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus $USER/$PASS@$ORACLE_SID << EOF > /dev/null
set serveroutput off echo off term off wrap off
set hea off pagesize 0 linesize 0 feedback off
spool $TEMPFILE
select '@@sessions', count(*) from v\$session;
select '@@processes', count(*) from v\$process;
select '@@maxsess', value from v\$parameter where name='sessions';
select '@@maxproc', value from v\$parameter where name='processes';
quit
EOF
 
/usr/bin/cat $TEMPFILE | /usr/bin/grep @@ | while read line
  do
   set $line
   [ $1 == "@@sessions" ] && sessions=$2
   [ $1 == "@@processes" ] && processes=$2
   [ $1 == "@@maxsess" ] && maxsess=$2
   [ $1 == "@@maxproc" ] && maxproc=$2
  done
 
[ $(( sessions * 100 / maxsess )) -gt $SESSWARN ] && echo "$ORACLE_SID Sessions Warning" | /usr/bin/mailx -s "DB Alert" $MAILTO
[ $(( processes * 100 / maxproc )) -gt $PROCWARN ] && echo "$ORACLE_SID Processes Warning" | /usr/bin/mailx -s "DB Alert" $MAILTO
 
/usr/bin/rm $TEMPFILE
 
exit

                                              
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
8:
9:
10:
11:
12:
13:
14:
15:
16:
17:
18:
19:
20:
21:
22:
23:
24:
25:
26:
27:
28:
29:
30:
31:
32:
33:

Select allOpen in new window

 

by: rbodepudiPosted on 2009-05-18 at 21:50:03ID: 24418513

You can use this script to get the processes grouped by username...

select qcsid SID, username, totl_par_procs_in_use, reqstd_degree, obtaind_degree, par_proc_cnt_for_sessn,
       currtime, sqltext
from (
select qcsid, username, totl_par_procs_in_use, reqstd_degree, obtaind_degree, par_proc_cnt_for_sessn,
       currtime, num_active,qnum_active, sqltext
from (
select s.qcsid,ses.username,sys.value totl_par_procs_in_use,s.req_degree reqstd_degree,s.degree Obtaind_degree,
       count(*) par_proc_cnt_for_sessn,sum(decode(ses.status,'ACTIVE',1,0)) num_active,
sum(decode(qses.status,'ACTIVE',1,0)) qnum_active,
       to_char(sysdate,'HH24:MI:SS') currtime,coalesce(sql.sql_text,sqlt.sql_text,ses.action) sqltext
from v$px_session s
  inner join v$px_process_sysstat sys
      on s.qcsid <> s.sid
      and sys.statistic like 'Servers In Use%'
  inner join v$session ses
      on s.sid=ses.sid
      and s.serial#=ses.serial#
  inner join v$px_process p
      on p.sid = ses.sid
      and p.serial# = ses.serial#
  left outer join v$sql sql
      on ses.sql_address = sql.address
      and ses.sql_hash_value = sql.hash_value
      and sql.child_number=0
  left outer join v$session qses
      on s.qcsid=qses.sid
      and s.qcserial#=qses.serial#
  left outer join v$sqltext sqlt
      on qses.sql_address = sqlt.address
      and qses.sql_hash_value = sqlt.hash_value
      and sqlt.piece=0
group by s.qcsid,s.degree,s.req_degree,coalesce(sql.sql_text,sqlt.sql_text,ses.action),sys.value,
ses.username
) AA
union all
select a.SID,a.username,null,null,null,0,to_char(sysdate,'HH24:MI:SS'),null,null,
  coalesce(b.sql_text, a.action, a.module) SQL_TEXT
from v$session a,v$sql b
where a.status='ACTIVE' and a.sql_address=b.address and a.sql_hash_value=b.hash_value
and a.sid not in (select sid from v$px_session)
--and b.piece=0
) BB order by qcsid

 

by: sunhuxPosted on 2009-05-22 at 02:19:16ID: 24449009

Thanks rbode, wmp.


Hi wmp,

Can you help look into the following problem when I tried out your script
(has this got to do with me using "sysdba" as Db login id that has no password?) :

$ ksh -v chkoraprocsesn.sh
#!/bin/ksh
SESSWARN=65
PROCWARN=65
MAILTO=victor_lim@sla.gov.sg,goh_pit_ong@sla.gov.sg
TEMPFILE=/tmp/spwarn.$$
USER="sysdba"
PASS=""
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus $USER/$PASS@$ORACLE_SID << EOF > /dev/null
set serveroutput off echo off term off wrap off
set head off pagesize 0 linesize 0 feedback off
spool $TEMPFILE
select '@@sessions', count(*) from v\$session;
select '@@processes', count(*) from v\$process;
select '@@maxsess', value from v\$parameter where name='sessions';
select '@@maxproc', value from v\$parameter where name='processes';
quit
EOF

/usr/bin/cat $TEMPFILE | /usr/bin/grep @@ | while read line
  do
   set $line
   [ $1 == "@@sessions" ] && sessions=$2
   [ $1 == "@@processes" ] && processes=$2
   [ $1 == "@@maxsess" ] && maxsess=$2
   [ $1 == "@@maxproc" ] && maxproc=$2
  done
cat: Cannot open /tmp/spwarn.14764: No such file or directory

[ $(( sessions * 100 / maxsess )) -gt $SESSWARN ] && echo "$ORACLE_SID Sessions Warning" | /usr/bin/mailx -s "DB Alert" $MAILTO
chkoraprocsesn.sh[28]:  sessions * 100 / maxsess : bad number

 

by: sunhuxPosted on 2009-05-22 at 02:45:45ID: 24449122

I've managed to address that sqlplus login issue as follows :
 # $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus $USER/$PASS@$ORACLE_SID << EOF > /dev/null
  sqlplus '/ as sysdba' << EOF > /dev/null     <== this one managed to login


Now got a different error :

$ ksh -v chkoraprocsesn.sh
#!/bin/ksh
SESSWARN=65
PROCWARN=65
MAILTO=victor_lim@sla.gov.sg,goh_pit_ong@sla.gov.sg
TEMPFILE=/tmp/spwarn.$$
USER="sysdba"
PASS=""
sqlplus '/ as sysdba' << EOF > /dev/null
# $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus $USER/$PASS@$ORACLE_SID << EOF > /dev/null
set serveroutput off echo off term off wrap off
set head off pagesize 0 linesize 0 feedback off
spool $TEMPFILE
select '@@sessions', count(*) from v\$session;
select '@@processes', count(*) from v\$process;
select '@@maxsess', value from v\$parameter where name='sessions';
select '@@maxproc', value from v\$parameter where name='processes';
quit
EOF

/usr/bin/cat $TEMPFILE | /usr/bin/grep @@ | while read line
  do
   set $line
   [ $1 == "@@sessions" ] && sessions=$2
   [ $1 == "@@processes" ] && processes=$2
   [ $1 == "@@maxsess" ] && maxsess=$2
   [ $1 == "@@maxproc" ] && maxproc=$2
  done
chkoraprocsesn.sh[23]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[24]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[25]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[26]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[23]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[24]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[25]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[26]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[23]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[24]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[25]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[26]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[23]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[24]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[25]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[26]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[23]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[24]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[25]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[26]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[23]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[24]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[25]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[26]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[23]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[24]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[25]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[26]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[23]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[24]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[25]: ==: unknown test operator
chkoraprocsesn.sh[26]: ==: unknown test operator

[ $(( sessions * 100 / maxsess )) -gt $SESSWARN ] && echo "$ORACLE_SID Sessions Warning" | /usr/bin/mailx -s "DB Alert" $MAILTO
chkoraprocsesn.sh[29]:  sessions * 100 / maxsess : bad number

 

by: woolmilkporcPosted on 2009-05-22 at 02:50:26ID: 24449141

Hi again,

yes, you are on the right track.

To login as sysdba, the sqlplus call should look like this -


USER="sysdba"
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus / as $USER << EOF > /dev/null  

Note that in this case you'll have to be logged in on UNIX using a userid authorized to issue "sqlplus / as sysdba".


I guess you did something like the following already -
for testing you should comment out the 'mailx' lines and echo the values instead, maybe like this -


#[ $(( sessions * 100 / maxsess )) -gt $SESSWARN ] && echo "$ORACLE_SID Sessions Warning" | mailx -s "DB Alert" $MAILTO
#[ $(( processes * 100 / maxproc )) -gt $PROCWARN ] && echo "$ORACLE_SID Processes Warning" | mailx -s "DB Alert" $MAILTO
echo "% sessions used" $(( sessions * 100 / maxsess ))
echo "% processes used" $(( processes * 100 / maxproc ))

wmp

 

by: woolmilkporcPosted on 2009-05-22 at 02:55:13ID: 24449178

Uh, ksh and ksh aren't always the same, it seems.

Use single '=' instead of double '=='.

As I'm a bit used to C programming, I prefer the '==' (where allowed, of course).

wmp

20120131-EE-VQP-002

3 Ways to Join

30-Day Free Trial

The Experts

98% positive feedback on 31,087 answers since March 2000. angeliii is a Microsoft Most Valuable Professional for his work with MS SQL Server & Develoment.

He has also proven his knowledge of Visual Basic Programming, PHP Scripting and Oracle Databases.

The Experts

97% positive feedback on 10,752 answers since July 2000. lrmoore has more than 18 years experience in the networking industry.

The six-time Mircosoft MVPs specialties include firewalls, virtual private networking, and network management.

Testimonials

"...and excellent source for support... Kind of like having your very own IT dept." Electriciansnet

Testimonials

"I was apprehensive at signing up at first. However... it has already made my life as an IT administrator much easier." JaCrews

Testimonials

"WOW! You guys have great, active, and knowledgeable people on here." moore50

Business Clients

Business Clients

In the Press

"If you’ve got a question... Experts Exchange can supply an answer.”

In the Press

"...an invaluable aid for both IT professionals and those who require tech support."

In the Press

"where IT professionals provide quick answers on just about any topic"

Business Account Plans

Loading Advertisement...