Question

how to increase security of squirrelmail?

Asked by: SW111

We've just setup squirrelmail to offer webmai for postfix.

But I'm slightly concern about the security, especially since the users will probably use public internet cafes to access their email.

How can I increase the security?

Thank You

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Asked On
2009-10-12 at 22:47:28ID24806775
Tags

squirrelmail security email postfix

Topics

Postfix

,

Miscellaneous Security

,

Web Application Hosting

,

Linux

,

Email Servers

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Answers

 

by: LocklearPosted on 2009-10-13 at 07:13:32ID: 25560134

Well, there is a very few things you can do to increase security in 3rd party web application.

- Always use latest stable version of the software (subscribe to newslater to be sure that you do not miss releases)
- Check that PHP variable register_globals is turned OFF
- Use database backend for user data (with strong password for connection, restrict access to databse only from SquirrelMail server and your administration computer)
- If your mail server is on different server, check if you can use secure connection to IMAP, SMTP (either TLS or STARTTLS - see SquirrelMail documentation)
- Use SSL/TSL connection to your Squirrel Mail web - you need server certificate, trusted is better (signed by well known certification authority)
- Instruct your users that they should select striong passwords for their mail account, unique from other applications

 

by: SW111Posted on 2009-10-13 at 07:22:44ID: 25560217

Hi Locklear, Thanks for the reply. Just a few of clarification questions so I can start finding my way:

- Check that PHP variable register_globals is turned OFF
How do I do this? (Where and which file?)

- Use database backend for user data
Ok. I already do.

- If your mail server is on different server
No, it's on the same server as apache & squirrelmail

- Use SSL/TSL connection to your Squirrel Mail web
I remembered installing SSL when installing postfix. Should I install a separate one for Squirrelmail? I don't think we want to buy a certificate from an authority. If I make one for myself, (as I did during postfix installation), is that going to be  a problem? How will that secure the system when users are using internet cafe? WIll that prevent their passwords from being stolen/saved in the computer?
(I'm thinking, in comparison, of hotmail/gmail where we have an option to "increase security"

- Instruct your users that they should select striong passwords
Impossible. My users are worst than lemmings.

- I've seen some hints on google to force https using redirect. I'm not sure that I understand 100% and I'm not comfortable enough with the information that I have to start making the changes. Do you know about this?

 

by: LocklearPosted on 2009-10-13 at 07:49:00ID: 25560543

- Check that PHP variable register_globals is turned OFF
How do I do this? (Where and which file?)


If you have access to php.ini seek for register_globals = Off
On unix/linux systems php.ini is usually under /etc , on windows check php installation folder.

If you do not have access to php.ini (usually on web hosting servers) ask admin or add php_flag register_globals off
to .htaccess file

- Use SSL/TSL connection to your Squirrel Mail web
certificate is asigned to domain name, so if you have certificate for www.yourdomain.com you are able to use it for www.yourdomain.com/mail as well
Certificates have two main purposes, communication encryption (no problem to use your own self signed certificate) and identity check (there is a problem with self signed certificate as anyone can do this and your users are not able distinguish if this certificate is genuine)

- I've seen some hints on google to force https using redirect. I'm not sure that I understand 100% and I'm not comfortable enough with the information that I have to start making the changes. Do you know about this?
Not sure about this, do you mean forcing https connection ? So if anyone manually type http only address (http://www.yourdomain.com) than he/she is redirected to https version of your pages.
You should use mod_rewrite module on Apache
and specify in httpd.conf for selected  directory following rewrite rules
Options +FollowSymLinks
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} ^443$
RewriteRule ^DirA/(.+)$ http://www.yourdomain.com/DirA/$1 [R=301,L]

 

by: SW111Posted on 2009-10-13 at 08:12:18ID: 25560835

- On the certification solution:
Am I right to think that this is more to prevent clients from entering a fake login page?
I was actually not to concerned with this as I don't think anyone will bother doing that to us.
I'm more concerned about user passwords getting stolen/intercepted when they're using public computers. So one of the aim is to prevent browsers from remembering user passwords.


- On the https solution:
Yes. Forcing https connection. This is what I'm getting :

http://fedoraforum.org/forum/showthread.php?t=93267
See second post by amnesia. (similiar to your solution)

http://squirrelmail.org/plugin_view.php?id=61
Seems to be a different solution to the fedora guide above. (I'm using ubuntu by the way).

 

by: arnoldPosted on 2009-10-28 at 07:17:32ID: 25683447

If a public computer is compromised by a virus/trojan or has a keylogger installed, there is absolutely nothing you can do to prevent and protect your user using that system unless you add a second mode of authentication i.e. RSA type key and possibly a smart card auth.

Thinking one is not on a radar of hackers/spammer/etc, is a mistake.  There are way too many motivations one might have.  Without compromising your server, the access gained with an existing user's credentials are enough to send out a massive amount of spam potentially using bots to send email messages through your system/s.

 

by: SW111Posted on 2009-10-28 at 08:38:43ID: 25684450

.... so what can I do?

 

by: arnoldPosted on 2009-10-28 at 11:56:32ID: 25686892

You have to make sure you are extracting data from logs and could detect a large influx of outgoing email from a single user.
Possibly limiting outgoing emails sent from a single user i.e. 100 in 1 minute.

This is less to do with how to secure which Locklear addressed in terms of making sure that you maintain your system/apache/php up to date as well as monitor squirrelmail for updates related to security issues.
The suggestion I made is more proactive in terms of dealing with an issue where a user's account is either shared or compromised and might be used to spam through your server.
Do you have your postfix setup so your users can remotely send through it. SMTP AUTH, pop before SMTP, etc.?

These suggestions are merely precautionary but something you might want to setup anyway just in case.  These log collection you can use to graph (mrtg/rrdtool) your incoming,outgoing smtp etc.

 

by: SW111Posted on 2009-10-28 at 19:02:46ID: 25690037


I can understand that with keyloggers, there's really not much I can do. But otherwise, I suppose all I can do is setup https in squirrelmail and then setup redirect to https in postfix?

Also, is the threat limited to user accounts and not the server itself? (or worse: ability to penetrate to other computers in my network? same firewall zone or different zones?)

To answer your question:
"Do you have your postfix setup so your users can remotely send through it. SMTP AUTH, pop before SMTP, etc.?" : Yes I do. This is what (I think) the system use for webmail.

"Possibly limiting outgoing emails sent from a single user i.e. 100 in 1 minute."
Actually, I've been trying unsuccesfully to do the exact opposite. You see, the server is actually a relay server where it relays outgoing mails via ISP. (It also fetches emails, but its irrelevant for this paragraph.)
The ISP limits outgoing emails to 100/hour. ANything beyond 100 is bounced by my own ISP. SO I've been trying to get my relay server to queue the excess emails and pass it on to ISP mailserver after 1 hour. The problem is I can only set the rate and have it bounced back, not queued.


 

by: arnoldPosted on 2009-10-29 at 06:58:01ID: 25693675

My question deals with if I am your user and I use an email client versus the web interface provided by squirrelmail, can I send emails through your server?

If you provide your user access to a shell on your system, then obtaining a valid user/password will get a person closer i.e. they can login and then try to either compromise the system they are on or other systems to which this system has access.
i.e. its all fine if you have fortified doors/windows, but they are of no use once someone gets access to the keys.

Postfix relay within the network is/should be configured to allow relay to the local LAN.  When a person accesses a webmail, the message transmitted through webmail appears to the postfix as originating from the webmail server's IP and not from the remote user.

Your server option is queue and deliver the messages directly to the recipients versus relaying them.  The rate limiting I am suggesting is a mechanism by which you can determine whether someone is misusing your system or someones account has been compromised.

Your ISP has setup the rate limit to prevent them from being labeled as a SPAM source which could adversly impact their other users' emails being rejected by other providers who rely on a spam list.

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