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Convert String to int / Convert int to String in C++
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This EE article provides examples of conversion techniques for various types of string variables: classic C-style strings, MFC/ATL CStrings, and STL's std::string data type.
Notes:
References:
atoi, _atoi_l, _wtoi, _wtoi_l
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/yd5xkb5c.aspx
sprintf, _sprintf_l, swprintf, _swprintf_l, __swprintf_l
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ybk95axf.aspx
_itoa, _i64toa, _ui64toa, _itow, _i64tow, _ui64tow
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/yakksftt(VS.80).aspx
String to Numeric Value Functions (strtoX, et al.)
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/53b7b72e(VS.80).aspx
Data Conversion (ultoX, etc.)
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/0heszx3w(VS.80).aspx
CStringT::Format
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa314327(VS.60).aspx
ostringstream
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/6kacs5y3.aspx
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Convert Integer to String
int to C-style (NULL-terminated char[]) stringint n=1234567890;
char szResult[12];
#include <stdio.h>
...
sprintf( szResult, "%d", n ); // use "%u" for unsigned int
sprintf_s( szResult, sizeof(szResult), "%d", n ); // "safe" version
//------------------------------------- alternative: itoa
#include <stdlib.h>
...
_itoa( n, szResult, 10 );
_itoa_s( n, szResult, sizeof(szResult), 10); // "safe" version
#include <cstringt.h>
...
int n;
CString sResult;
sResult.Format( "%d", n ); // use "%u" for unsigned int
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
...
int n;
std::string sResult;
std::ostringstream ostr;
ostr << n;
sResult= ostr.str();
Convert String to Integer
C-style (NULL-terminated char[]) string to int#include <stdlib.h>
...
char szNumber[12]= "1234567890";
int nResult;
nResult= atoi( szNumber );
#include <cstringt.h>
...
CString sNumber= "1234567890";
int nResult;
nResult= atoi( sNumber ); // automatically does LPCSTR(sNumber)
#include <string>
#include <stdlib.h>
...
std::string sNumber= "1234567890";
int nResult;
nResult= atoi( sNumber.c_str() );
Notes:
If you are using the UNICODE character set and supplying an output buffer (as with sprintf and itoa) you'll need to keep in mind that characters are two bytes long. The normal procedure is to declare character buffers as the TCHAR data type, which will take into consideration the data element size.
Output buffer length.
C++ integers are typically 32-bits, with values as high as billions; the range is: 0 to 4,294,967,295 (unsigned) -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 (signed)Thus, the maximum length of the resulting string is 12 characters (including NULL terminator and not including commas or other formatting).
If you are working with 64-bit integers (called __int64 or long long), the values are as high as quintillions; the range is: 0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 (unsigned) -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 (signed)Thus, the maximum length of the resulting string is 21 characters (including NULL terminator and not including commas or other formatting).
C++ integers are typically 32-bits, with values as high as billions; the range is: 0 to 4,294,967,295 (unsigned) -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 (signed)Thus, the maximum length of the resulting string is 12 characters (including NULL terminator and not including commas or other formatting).
If you are working with 64-bit integers (called __int64 or long long), the values are as high as quintillions; the range is: 0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 (unsigned) -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 (signed)Thus, the maximum length of the resulting string is 21 characters (including NULL terminator and not including commas or other formatting).
Both sprintf and itoa have been termed unsafe (some would say they've been deprecated, others would not use that term) because of the chance that a sloppy programmer might not provide a large enough output buffer.
The examples show how to use the safer xxx_s variations of these functions as an alternative. The older functions might write beyond the end of the buffer and stomp on other variables or blow the stack frame -- and cause endless debugging headaches. Of course, if you are determined to give yourself grief, you can still blow up the "safe" version by passing in the wrong length value...
The CString::Format function allocates the buffer for you and takes care to avoid the buffer overrun problem. The std::ostringstream << (insertion operator) also takes care of the buffer allocation for you.
The examples show how to use the safer xxx_s variations of these functions as an alternative. The older functions might write beyond the end of the buffer and stomp on other variables or blow the stack frame -- and cause endless debugging headaches. Of course, if you are determined to give yourself grief, you can still blow up the "safe" version by passing in the wrong length value...
The CString::Format function allocates the buffer for you and takes care to avoid the buffer overrun problem. The std::ostringstream << (insertion operator) also takes care of the buffer allocation for you.
The examples above compile and work under Microsoft VS2008. Some Microsoft-specific functionality is implied (refer to the references, below, if you worry about these things). However, there is an excellent chance that at least one of the variations will work for you in your development system, whatever it is.
References:
atoi, _atoi_l, _wtoi, _wtoi_l
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/yd5xkb5c.aspx
sprintf, _sprintf_l, swprintf, _swprintf_l, __swprintf_l
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ybk95axf.aspx
_itoa, _i64toa, _ui64toa, _itow, _i64tow, _ui64tow
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/yakksftt(VS.80).aspx
String to Numeric Value Functions (strtoX, et al.)
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/53b7b72e(VS.80).aspx
Data Conversion (ultoX, etc.)
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/0heszx3w(VS.80).aspx
CStringT::Format
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa314327(VS.60).aspx
ostringstream
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/6kacs5y3.aspx
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