Detect locking/blocking in SQL and send email alerts

Without monitoring/alerting on certain events you can't be sure what happened in your SQL Server until next time when you go in and eventually find the locks/blocks in your system via SQL's own Performance Dashboard Reports or sp_lock.

The following article will show you how to install and configure a SQL job that will send you email alerts including details about the processes involved in locking/blocking.

The code attached below will create one monitoring working table in master database where locking/blocking details are stored, a stored procedure that does the check and a SQL job (installed disabled) that will execute the stored procedure and send email alerts IF there are certain number of SPID's locking/blocking each other. 

You will need to have Email enabled and configured on your SQL server, and one Operator created. You will need your actual email profile to replace "SQL Mail Profile" and real operator name to replace "SQL_DBAs" strings in  attached code and also a domain\username SQL sysadmin account to replace "Domain\UserName" in the attached code.  A  code sample to create locking/blocking scenario for testing purposes is also enclosed as a comment at the top of the code along with many more in the body. The code as is will check and send an alert every two minutes while locking/blocking occurs and in order to modify its frequency you can adjust the SQL job schedule but you will have to change the "waitfor delay '00:02:00';" inside the stored procedure - just not too often so you don't get flooded with emails.

Please set it up first in a test environment, and note that you could use various methods  (Powershell for instance)  to deploy it to multiple servers assuming the "prerequisites" are met - domain\username SQL sysadmin account, SQL Mail configured with server specific email profile and operator.

/*
to test...

use msdb
go

select * into msdb.dbo.dba_jobs_status from msdb.dbo.sysjobhistory;

--run this in one SPID
begin tran
select * from msdb.dbo.dba_jobs_status
delete from msdb.dbo.dba_jobs_status

--then this in another SPID
truncate table msdb.dbo.dba_jobs_status


-- cleanup - drop test table created above
drop table msdb.dbo.dba_jobs_status;
*/

USE [master]
GO

/****** Object:  Table [dbo].[dba_blockinfo]    Script Date: 03/04/2015 10:20:55 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

SET ANSI_PADDING ON
GO

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[dba_blockinfo](
	[lock_type] [nvarchar](120) NULL,
	[database_id] [nvarchar](150) NULL,
	[blk_object] [bigint] NULL,
	[lock_req] [nvarchar](120) NULL,
	[wait_sid] [bigint] NULL,
	[wait_time] [sysname] NOT NULL,
	[wait_type] [nvarchar](60) NULL,
	[wait_batch] [varchar](max) NULL,
	[wait_stmt] [varchar](max) NULL,
	[block_stmt] [varchar](max) NULL,
	[blocker_sid] [bigint] NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]

GO


USE [master]
GO
/****** Object:  StoredProcedure [dbo].[dba_AlertBlocksWarning_csv]    Script Date: 03/10/2015 13:05:53 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

-- =============================================
-- Author:		lcohan
-- Create date: 2011-12-16
-- Description:	Used to alert if severe Blocking/Locking occured.
-- Used By:     SQL Server scheduled job
-- Parameters:  
--				@profile_name_in = 'SQL Mail Profile', 
--				@recipients_in = 'recipient_mail@mail.com', 
--				@servername_in = 'SQL Server Cluster NNN'
-- Outputs:     email alert sent to the DBA as ATTACHMENT rather than HTML body
-- Execute:     exec [dbo].[dba_AlertBlocksWarning_csv]  @profile_name_in = 'SQL Mail Profile', @recipients_in = 'lcohan@mail.com', @servername_in = 'MySuper Cluster'; 
-- =============================================
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[dba_AlertBlocksWarning_csv] 
	@profile_name_in nvarchar(100),
	@recipients_in nvarchar(500),
	@servername_in nvarchar(50) 

AS
SET NOCOUNT ON;

--send detailed blocking info if exsists
truncate table master..dba_blockinfo;

insert into master..dba_blockinfo
select t1.resource_type							as lock_type
	,db_name(resource_database_id)				as database_id
	,t1.resource_associated_entity_id			as blk_object
	,t1.request_mode							as lock_req	 -- lock requested
	,t1.request_session_id						as wait_sid  -- spid of waiter
	,t2.wait_duration_ms						as wait_time
	,t2.wait_type								as wait_type		
	,(select text from sys.dm_exec_requests	r  --- get sql for waiter
		cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(r.sql_handle) 
		where r.session_id = t1.request_session_id) as wait_batch
	,(select substring(qt.text,r.statement_start_offset/2, 
			(case when r.statement_end_offset = -1 
			then len(convert(nvarchar(max), qt.text)) * 2 
			else r.statement_end_offset end - r.statement_start_offset)/2) 
		from sys.dm_exec_requests r
		cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(r.sql_handle) qt
		where r.session_id = t1.request_session_id) as wait_stmt    --- this is the statement executing right now
	,(select text from sys.sysprocesses p		--- get sql for blocker
		cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(p.sql_handle) 
		where p.spid = t2.blocking_session_id) as block_stmt
	,t2.blocking_session_id as blocker_sid -- spid of blocker
from 
	sys.dm_tran_locks t1, 
	sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks t2
where 
	t1.lock_owner_address = t2.resource_address

DECLARE @title nvarchar(500)
SET @title = 'Blocking occured on '+@@SERVERNAME+'. There are: '+cast((select count(*) from master..dba_blockinfo) as sysname) + ' blocked processes at: '+cast(getdate() as sysname)

declare @sql_query nvarchar(1000);
--set @sql_query = N'set nocount on; SELECT * FROM master.dbo.dba_blockinfo WHERE datalength(database_id) > 0;'
set @sql_query = N'set nocount on; 
SELECT  cast(left(ltrim(database_id),50) as nvarchar) as database_id, 
blocker_sid as blocker_SPID,
wait_sid as blocked_SPID,
blk_object,
cast(left(ltrim(lock_type),50) as nvarchar) as lock_type,
cast(left(ltrim(lock_req),50) as nvarchar) as lock_req,
cast(left(ltrim(wait_time),50) as nvarchar) as wait_time,
cast(left(ltrim(wait_type),50) as nvarchar) as wait_type, 
ltrim(replace(wait_batch,char(13),'' '')) as blocked_batch,
ltrim(replace(block_stmt,char(13),'' '')) as blocker_stmnt
FROM master.dbo.dba_blockinfo WHERE datalength(database_id) > 0;';

IF (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM master..dba_blockinfo WHERE datalength(database_id) > 0) > 3
BEGIN
	EXECUTE AS LOGIN = 'Domain\UserName'; -- must be sysadmin
	EXECUTE msdb.dbo.sp_send_dbmail 
		@profile_name = @profile_name_in,
        @recipients=@recipients_in,
        @subject = @title,  
		@body = 'Please see attchment for more details',    
		@body_format = 'Text',
		@query = @sql_query,
		@execute_query_database = 'master',
		@query_result_header = 1,
		@attach_query_result_as_file = 1,
		@query_result_separator = '	',
		@query_result_no_padding = 1, 
		@query_attachment_filename = 'BlockingDetails.csv';    
	REVERT;
END

IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM master..dba_blockinfo WHERE datalength(database_id) > 0)
BEGIN
	--wait 2 minutes until next check...
	waitfor delay '00:02:00';
END

GO



USE [msdb]
GO

BEGIN TRANSACTION
DECLARE @ReturnCode INT
SELECT @ReturnCode = 0

IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT name FROM msdb.dbo.syscategories WHERE name=N'Alert' AND category_class=1)
BEGIN
EXEC @ReturnCode = msdb.dbo.sp_add_category @class=N'JOB', @type=N'LOCAL', @name=N'Alert'
IF (@@ERROR <> 0 OR @ReturnCode <> 0) GOTO QuitWithRollback

END

DECLARE @jobId BINARY(16)
EXEC @ReturnCode =  msdb.dbo.sp_add_job @job_name=N'Alert DBA - Blocking occured', 
		@enabled=0, 
		@notify_level_eventlog=0, 
		@notify_level_email=2, 
		@notify_level_netsend=0, 
		@notify_level_page=0, 
		@delete_level=0, 
		@description=N'No description available.', 
		@category_name=N'Alert', 
		@owner_login_name=N'sa', 
		@notify_email_operator_name=N'SQL_DBAs', @job_id = @jobId OUTPUT
IF (@@ERROR <> 0 OR @ReturnCode <> 0) GOTO QuitWithRollback

EXEC @ReturnCode = msdb.dbo.sp_add_jobstep @job_id=@jobId, @step_name=N'send email alert', 
		@step_id=1, 
		@cmdexec_success_code=0, 
		@on_success_action=1, 
		@on_success_step_id=0, 
		@on_fail_action=2, 
		@on_fail_step_id=0, 
		@retry_attempts=2, 
		@retry_interval=1, 
		@os_run_priority=0, @subsystem=N'TSQL', 
		@command=N'EXECUTE AS LOGIN = ''Domain\UserName'';
exec [master].[dbo].[dba_AlertBlocksWarning_csv]  @profile_name_in = ''SQL Mail Profile'', @recipients_in = ''lcohan@mail.com'', @servername_in = ''MySuper Cluster''; 
REVERT;
GO

', 
		@database_name=N'master', 
		@flags=4
IF (@@ERROR <> 0 OR @ReturnCode <> 0) GOTO QuitWithRollback
EXEC @ReturnCode = msdb.dbo.sp_update_job @job_id = @jobId, @start_step_id = 1
IF (@@ERROR <> 0 OR @ReturnCode <> 0) GOTO QuitWithRollback
EXEC @ReturnCode = msdb.dbo.sp_add_jobschedule @job_id=@jobId, @name=N'every 10 seconds with 1 m inute delay', 
		@enabled=1, 
		@freq_type=4, 
		@freq_interval=1, 
		@freq_subday_type=2, 
		@freq_subday_interval=10, 
		@freq_relative_interval=0, 
		@freq_recurrence_factor=0, 
		@active_start_date=20150119, 
		@active_end_date=99991231, 
		@active_start_time=0, 
		@active_end_time=235959
IF (@@ERROR <> 0 OR @ReturnCode <> 0) GOTO QuitWithRollback
EXEC @ReturnCode = msdb.dbo.sp_add_jobserver @job_id = @jobId, @server_name = N'(local)'
IF (@@ERROR <> 0 OR @ReturnCode <> 0) GOTO QuitWithRollback
COMMIT TRANSACTION
GOTO EndSave
QuitWithRollback:
    IF (@@TRANCOUNT > 0) ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
EndSave:

GO

The code should work fine on SQL 2008 and up to the current version.

Please feel free to adjust the code, make any suggestions or comments.