insufficient privileges, tracing and parallel export/import

I agree with schwertner, you have to create a Group called ORA_DBA in your operation system and set the user you want to log on with, as a member of that group.

Regarding the passoword file, you need to recreate the password file, grant sysdba to the user you want to log on with and set REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE = EXCLUSIVE.

cheers,
dbaora.

schwertner:

1) One can run the import and export utilities interactively, using command line parameters, or using parameter files. How using parameter files?

2) I think export is okay, but can we import in 2 or more windows simultaneously into 2 schemas of same database and schemas of different databases. What are the privileges and roles the schemas should have to prevent intersection during import. Once I was exporting/importing from a schema and started deletion of the other database and both crashed.

Set the REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE parameter to NONE.

dbaora:
set REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE = EXCLUSIVE

Both of you are contradicting each other. Please clarify.

--- k_murli_krishna

An example of a parameter file, exp_par.txt:
USERID=scott/tiger
TABLES=(emp,dept)
FILE=exp_one.dmp
DIRECT=Y
To execute the parameter from the operating system prompt:
$ exp parfile=exp_param.txt
The same parameter PARFILE exists for import utility.

Import/Export are serios operations. Both Rollback Segments
and Online Redo Logs are involved. To do other operations at the same time is dangerous. In some case Oracle recommends to do bulk imports in RESTRICTED mode and immediately after that to initiate full DB backup. To make backup prior import is also a good idea to prevent Incomplete Point In Time Recovery if mistake occurs.

schwertner:

1 Create a new local Windows NT users’ group called ORA_<SID>_DBA and
ORA_<SID>_OPER that is specific to an instance, or ORA_DBA and
ORA_OPER that is not specific to an instance.
2 Add a Windows NT operating system user to that group. Once you access this
domain, you are automatically validated as an authorized DBA. This has worked specific and not specific to an instance. Thanx. Can you tell me how?

I kept the following in my init.ora file:

background_dump_destination = C:\Tracing

Now I did connect / as sysdba & shutdown immediate
On startup, I get
LRM-00101: unknown parameter name 'background_dump_destination'
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters

I tried keeping the destination in single and double quotes. Is init.ora parameter file case sensitive and does it matter in what order we keep parameters.

--- k_murli_krishna

Just copied from my computer (Oracle 8i, 8.1.6):

background_dump_dest = D:\816orant\admin\REKS816\bdump

user_dump_dest = D:\816orant\admin\REKS816\udump

and it works. Seems to be version dependent. Look at your system docs. I guess it has to be in the Oracle home directory, but not sure. In my case D:\816orant\ is the Home directory of the instalation.

For the other issues you have to ask your DBA.

I would like politly to explain you that the DBA stuff is very complex and need many time and efforts to be learned.

schwertner: one last question. When we work at command prompt/SQL prompt and execute SQL*Plus commands, if there is a error, there is accompanying message, turn on tracing to see accompanying errors. Will user_dump_dest be enough for this. Also, when we look up an error/exception in ErrorMessages.pdf of 8i => Action: Further diagnostic information should be in the error stack. How do we see this error stack.

--- k_murli_krishna

I think user_dump_dest will give you information. But also
please look DBMS_UTILITY.FORMAT_ERROR_STACK and
DBMS_UTILITY. FORMAT_CALL_STACK as indicated below for PL/SQL errors.

This article has attachments which implement ErrorPkg, a generic error
handler for PL/SQL.  This package uses DBMS_UTILITY.FORMAT_ERROR_STACK and
DBMS_UTILITY. FORMAT_CALL_STACK to report details on errors and the PL/SQL
call stack when they occur.

To install this package, first run the error_tables.sql script to create
the database tables, then the error_pkg SQL script to create the package
itself.


Use of the ErrorPkg
-------------------

The error_test.sql file illustrates how to use this package:
 
SQL> @error_test
SQL> DROP TABLE ttt;
 
Table dropped.
 
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE ttt (f1 number);
 
Table created.
 
SQL>
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER ttt_insert
  2    BEFORE INSERT ON ttt
  3  BEGIN
  4    RAISE ZERO_DIVIDE;
  5  END ttt_insert;
  6  /
 
Trigger created.
 
SQL>
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE C AS
  2  BEGIN
  3    INSERT INTO ttt VALUES (7);
  4  EXCEPTION
  5    WHEN OTHERS THEN
  6      ErrorPkg.HandleAll(FALSE);
  7      RAISE;
  8  END C;
  9  /

Procedure created.

SQL> show errors
No errors.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE B AS
  2  BEGIN
  3    C;
  4  EXCEPTION
  5    WHEN OTHERS THEN
  6      ErrorPkg.HandleAll(FALSE);
  7      RAISE;
  8  
  8  END B;
  9  /

Procedure created.

SQL> show errors
No errors.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE A AS
  2    v_ErrorSeq NUMBER;
  3  BEGIN
  4    B;
  5  EXCEPTION
  6    WHEN OTHERS THEN
  7      ErrorPkg.HandleAll(TRUE);
  8      ErrorPkg.StoreStacks('Scott', v_ErrorSeq, TRUE);
  9      ErrorPkg.PrintStacks('Scott', v_ErrorSeq);
 10  END A;
 11  /
 
Procedure created.
 
SQL> show errors
No errors.
SQL> exec a
17-JAN-97 11:07:46  Module: Scott  Error #5:  ORA-1476: divisor is equal to zero
Complete Call Stack:
  Object Handle  Line Number  Object Name
  -------------  -----------  -----------
  e02a5a4c       6            procedure SCOTT.C
  e02cb4f4       3            procedure SCOTT.B
  e029c7ec       4            procedure SCOTT.A
  e02cad38       1            anonymous block
Complete Error Stack:
  ORA-1476: divisor is equal to zero
  ORA-6512: at "SCOTT.TTT_INSERT", line 2
  ORA-4088: error during execution of trigger 'SCOTT.TTT_INSERT'
 
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.


Call HandleAll(FALSE) at the lowest level of procedure nesting that you
want to track errors, then reraise the error.  The error is popped off
the PL/SQL call stack, so call HandleAll(FALSE) each time, since it is in
procedures C and B.

At the topmost level (procedure A), HandleAll(TRUE) should be called,
followed by StoreStacks.  StoreStacks records the error information in the
database tables, and returns the sequence number used to record the
information.  PrintStacks echoes out the error information from the tables
to the screen using DBMS_OUTPUT.


Attachments
-----------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
error_tables.sql
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DROP TABLE errors CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;

CREATE TABLE errors (
  module       VARCHAR2(50),
  seq_number   NUMBER,
  error_number NUMBER,
  error_mesg   VARCHAR2(100),
  error_stack  VARCHAR2(2000),
  call_stack   VARCHAR2(2000),
  timestamp    DATE,
  PRIMARY KEY (module, seq_number));

DROP TABLE call_stacks;

CREATE TABLE call_stacks (
  module        VARCHAR2(50),
  seq_number    NUMBER,
  call_order    NUMBER,
  object_handle VARCHAR2(10),
  line_num      NUMBER,
  object_name   VARCHAR2(80),
  PRIMARY KEY (module, seq_number, call_order),
  FOREIGN KEY (module, seq_number) REFERENCES errors ON DELETE CASCADE);

DROP TABLE error_stacks;

CREATE TABLE error_stacks (
  module        VARCHAR2(50),
  seq_number    NUMBER,
  error_order   NUMBER,
  facility      CHAR(3),
  error_number  NUMBER(5),
  error_mesg    VARCHAR2(100),
  PRIMARY KEY (module, seq_number, error_order),
  FOREIGN KEY (module, seq_number) REFERENCES errors ON DELETE CASCADE);

DROP SEQUENCE error_seq;

CREATE SEQUENCE error_seq
  START WITH 1
  INCREMENT BY 1;


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
error_pkg.sql
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE ErrorPkg AS
  /* Generic error handling package, using DBMS_UTILITY.FORMAT_ERROR_STACK
     and DBMS_UTILITY.FORMAT_CALL_STACK.  This package stores general
     error information in the errors table, with detailed call stack and
     error stack information in the call_stacks and error_stacks tables,
     respectively. */

  -- Entry point for handling errors.  HandleAll should be called from all
  -- exception handlers where you want the error to be logged.  p_Top should be
  -- TRUE only at the topmost level of procedure nesting.  It should be FALSE
  -- at other levels.  See error_readme.txt for details on usage.
  PROCEDURE HandleAll(p_Top BOOLEAN);

  -- Prints the error and call stacks (using DBMS_OUTPUT) for the given
  -- module and sequence number.
  PROCEDURE PrintStacks(p_Module IN errors.module%TYPE,
                        p_SeqNum IN errors.seq_number%TYPE);

  -- Unwinds the call and error stacks, and stores them in the errors and
  -- call_stacks tables.  Returns the sequence number under which the
  -- error is stored.
  -- If p_CommitFlag is TRUE, then the inserts are committed.
  -- In order to use StoreStacks, an error must have been handled.  Thus
  -- HandleAll should have been called with p_Top = TRUE.
  PROCEDURE StoreStacks(p_Module IN errors.module%TYPE,
                        p_SeqNum OUT errors.seq_number%TYPE,
                        p_CommitFlag BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE);

END ErrorPkg;
/
show errors

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY ErrorPkg AS

  v_NewLine     CONSTANT CHAR(1) := CHR(10);

  v_Handled     BOOLEAN := FALSE;
  v_ErrorStack  VARCHAR2(2000);
  v_CallStack   VARCHAR2(2000);

  PROCEDURE HandleAll(p_Top BOOLEAN) IS
  BEGIN
    IF p_Top THEN
      v_Handled := FALSE;
    ELSIF NOT v_Handled THEN
      v_Handled := TRUE;
      v_ErrorStack := DBMS_UTILITY.FORMAT_ERROR_STACK;
      v_CallStack := DBMS_UTILITY.FORMAT_CALL_STACK;
    END IF;      
  END HandleAll;

  PROCEDURE PrintStacks(p_Module IN errors.module%TYPE,
                        p_SeqNum IN errors.seq_number%TYPE) IS
    v_TimeStamp errors.timestamp%TYPE;
    v_ErrorMsg  errors.error_mesg%TYPE;

    CURSOR c_CallCur IS
      SELECT object_handle, line_num, object_name
        FROM call_stacks
        WHERE module = p_Module
        AND seq_number = p_SeqNum
        ORDER BY call_order;

    CURSOR c_ErrorCur IS
      SELECT facility, error_number, error_mesg
        FROM error_stacks
        WHERE module = p_Module
        AND seq_number = p_SeqNum
        ORDER BY error_order;
  BEGIN
    SELECT timestamp, error_mesg
      INTO v_TimeStamp, v_ErrorMsg
      FROM errors
      WHERE module = p_Module
      AND seq_number = p_SeqNum;

    -- Output general error information.
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT(TO_CHAR(v_TimeStamp, 'DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS'));
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT('  Module: ' || p_Module);
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT('  Error #' || p_SeqNum || ':  ');
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_ErrorMsg);

    -- Output the call stack.
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Complete Call Stack:');
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('  Object Handle  Line Number  Object Name');
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('  -------------  -----------  -----------');
    FOR v_CallRec in c_CallCur LOOP
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT(RPAD('  ' || v_CallRec.object_handle, 15));
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT(RPAD('  ' || TO_CHAR(v_CallRec.line_num), 13));
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('  ' || v_CallRec.object_name);
    END LOOP;

    -- Output the error stack.
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Complete Error Stack:');
    FOR v_ErrorRec in c_ErrorCur LOOP
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT('  ' || v_ErrorRec.facility || '-');
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT(TO_CHAR(v_ErrorRec.error_number) || ': ');
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_ErrorRec.error_mesg);
    END LOOP;
   
  END PrintStacks;

  PROCEDURE StoreStacks(p_Module IN errors.module%TYPE,
                        p_SeqNum OUT errors.seq_number%TYPE,
                        p_CommitFlag BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE) IS
    v_SeqNum     NUMBER;

    v_Index      NUMBER;
    v_Length     NUMBER;
    v_End        NUMBER;

    v_Call       VARCHAR2(100);
    v_CallOrder  NUMBER := 1;
    v_Handle     call_stacks.object_handle%TYPE;
    v_LineNum    call_stacks.line_num%TYPE;
    v_ObjectName call_stacks.object_name%TYPE;

    v_Error      VARCHAR2(120);
    v_ErrorOrder NUMBER := 1;
    v_Facility   error_stacks.facility%TYPE;
    v_ErrNum     error_stacks.error_number%TYPE;
    v_ErrMsg     error_stacks.error_mesg%TYPE;

    v_FirstErrNum errors.error_number%TYPE;
    v_FirstErrMsg errors.error_mesg%TYPE;
  BEGIN
    -- First get the error sequence number.
    SELECT error_seq.nextval
      INTO v_SeqNum
      FROM dual;

    p_SeqNum := v_SeqNum;

    -- Insert the first part of the header information into the errors table.
    INSERT INTO errors
      (module, seq_number, error_stack, call_stack, timestamp)
    VALUES
      (p_Module, v_SeqNum, v_ErrorStack, v_CallStack, SYSDATE);

    -- Unwind the error stack to get each error out.  We do this by scanning
    -- the error stack string.  Start with the index at the beginning of the
    -- string.
    v_Index := 1;
 
    -- Loop through the string, finding each newline.  A newline ends each
    -- error on the stack.
    WHILE v_Index <  LENGTH(v_ErrorStack) LOOP
      -- v_End is the position of the newline.
      v_End := INSTR(v_ErrorStack, v_NewLine, v_Index);

      -- Thus, the error is between the current index and the newline.
      v_Error := SUBSTR(v_ErrorStack, v_Index, v_End - v_Index);

      -- Skip over the current error, for the next iteration.
      v_Index := v_Index + LENGTH(v_Error) + 1;

      -- An error looks like 'facility-number: mesg'.  We need to get each
      -- piece out for insertion.

      -- First, the facility is the first 3 characters of the error.
      v_Facility := SUBSTR(v_Error, 1, 3);

      -- Remove the facility and the dash (always 4 characters).
      v_Error := SUBSTR(v_Error, 5);

      -- Now we can get the error number.
      v_ErrNum := TO_NUMBER(SUBSTR(v_Error, 1, INSTR(v_Error, ':') - 1));

      -- Remove the error number, colon and space (always 7 characters).
      v_Error := SUBSTR(v_Error, 8);

      -- What's left is the error message.
      v_ErrMsg := v_Error;

      -- Insert the errors, and grab the first error number and message
      -- while we're at it.
      INSERT INTO error_stacks
        (module, seq_number, error_order, facility, error_number, error_mesg)
      VALUES
        (p_Module, p_SeqNum, v_ErrorOrder, v_Facility, v_ErrNum, v_ErrMsg);

      IF v_ErrorOrder = 1 THEN
        v_FirstErrNum := v_ErrNum;
        v_FirstErrMsg := v_Facility || '-' || TO_NUMBER(v_ErrNum) ||
                         ': ' || v_ErrMsg;
      END IF;

      v_ErrorOrder := v_ErrorOrder + 1;
    END LOOP;
 
    -- Update the errors table with the message and code.
    UPDATE errors
      SET error_number = v_FirstErrNum,
          error_mesg = v_FirstErrMsg
      WHERE module = p_Module
      AND seq_number = v_SeqNum;

    -- Now we need to unwind the call stack, to get each call out.  We do this
    -- be scanning the call stack string.  Start with the index after the
    -- first call on the stack.  This will be after the first occurrence of
    -- 'name' and the newline.
    v_Index := INSTR(v_CallStack, 'name') + 5;

    -- Loop through the string, finding each newline.  A newline ends each
    -- call on the stack.
    WHILE v_Index <  LENGTH(v_CallStack) LOOP
      -- v_End is the position of the newline.
      v_End := INSTR(v_CallStack, v_NewLine, v_Index);

      -- Thus, the call is between the current index and the newline.
      v_Call := SUBSTR(v_CallStack, v_Index, v_End - v_Index);

      -- Skip over the current call, for the next iteration.
      v_Index := v_Index + LENGTH(v_Call) + 1;

      -- Within a call, we have the object handle, then the line number, then
      -- the object name, separated by spaces.  We need to separate them
      -- out for insertion.

      -- Trim white space from the call first.
      v_Call := LTRIM(v_Call);

      -- First get the object handle.
      v_Handle := SUBSTR(v_Call, 1, INSTR(v_Call, ' '));

      -- Now, remove the object handle, then the white space from the call.
      v_Call := SUBSTR(v_Call, LENGTH(v_Handle) + 1);
      v_Call := LTRIM(v_Call);

      -- Now we can get the line number.
      v_LineNum := TO_NUMBER(SUBSTR(v_Call, 1, INSTR(v_Call, ' ')));

      -- Remove the line number, and white space.
      v_Call := SUBSTR(v_Call, LENGTH(v_LineNum) + 1);
      v_Call := LTRIM(v_Call);

      -- What is left is the object name.
      v_ObjectName := v_Call;

      -- Insert all calls except the call for ErrorPkg.
      IF v_CallOrder > 1 THEN
        INSERT INTO call_stacks
          (module, seq_number, call_order, object_handle, line_num, object_name)
        VALUES
          (p_Module, v_SeqNum, v_CallOrder, v_Handle, v_LineNum, v_ObjectName);
      END IF;

      v_Callorder := v_CallOrder + 1;

    END LOOP;

    IF p_CommitFlag THEN
      commit;
    END IF;
  END StoreStacks;

END ErrorPkg;
/

show errors

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
error_test.sql
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DROP TABLE ttt;

CREATE TABLE ttt (f1 number);

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER ttt_insert
  BEFORE INSERT ON ttt
BEGIN
  RAISE ZERO_DIVIDE;
END ttt_insert;
/

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE C AS
BEGIN
  INSERT INTO ttt VALUES (7);
EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    ErrorPkg.HandleAll(FALSE);
    RAISE;
END C;
/
show errors

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE B AS
BEGIN
  C;
EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    ErrorPkg.HandleAll(FALSE);
    RAISE;

END B;
/
show errors

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE A AS
  v_ErrorSeq NUMBER;
BEGIN
  B;
EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    ErrorPkg.HandleAll(TRUE);
    ErrorPkg.StoreStacks('Scott', v_ErrorSeq, TRUE);
    ErrorPkg.PrintStacks('Scott', v_ErrorSeq);
END A;
/
show errors
.

Thanx a lot.