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Tables a thing of the past?

so I have been reading that tables are no longer encouraged in html.  Why is this and what should be used instead?
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how are style sheets used exactly to take the place of tables?  the code centers and stuff like that?  ist it somethine an individual font setting for eash style sheet?  im not sure.
there are many things you can do with css stylesheet. have a look on www.w3schools.com. that is a good source of information for web dev. there are many tutorials on css as well as on other web standards.

this is a very simple page layout you can do with css. sure there could be mant tweaks you can do on this page:

<html>
<head>
<title>Simple Layout Test</title>
<style type="text/css">
body {margin:0; padding:0; font-family:arial; font-size:12px;}
#mainWrapper {text-align:center;}
#innerWrapper {text-align:left; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width:90%;}
#headerContainer {background-color:#206ba4; color:#000;}
#footerContainer {background-color:#e7e4d3; color:#000;}
#contentContainer
{
   background-color:#999;
   color:#000;
}
#layoutBlock_01
{
   width:20%; background-color:#bedf5d; color:#000;
   float:left; margin-left:0;

}
#layoutBlock_02
{
   width:80%;
   float:left; margin-left:0;
}
#contentContainer:after
{
   clear:both; content:'&nbsp'; display:block; height:0; visibility:hidden;
}
#contentContainer
{
   display: inline-block;
}
/*\*/
#contentContainer
{
   display:block;
}


</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="mainWrapper">
<div id="innerWrapper">
   <div id="headerContainer">header</div>
   <div id="contentContainer">
      <div id="layoutBlock_01">
         <p>-</p><p>-</p><p>-</p><p>-</p><p>-</p><p>-</p><p>-</p><p>-</p><p>-</p>
      </div>
      <div id="layoutBlock_02">
         Main Content
      </div>
   </div>
   <div id="footerContainer">
   footer
   </div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>