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What is the difference between a dendrite and axon of a neuron?

Hi Everyone;

         I am wondering what the difference is between a dendrite and axon of a neuron.  Do they regulate the input and output of signals of a  neuron?

        Any shared thoughts to this question will be appreciated.

       Thank you

       George
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Hi Everyone;

        Thanks so much for the prompt and well thought out replies.  Just out of curiousity, are there examples of neurological or mental disorders in which the dendrites and axons are effected?  

         George
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There are  dendritic abnormalities in Fragile X Syndrome, Alzheimer's, and Down's
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Hi Everyone;

         Many thanks everyone for the well thought out and organized replies to this post.  Each answerr given was informative and certainly easy to understand.  I especailly appreciate the examples given when nerve cells composed of dendrites and axons become degenerative.  

          In closing, thanks once again fo the help to this post.

        George