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-in hub and spoke,is it always one physical interface is connected to FR ?<br />
-they mentionned &quot;Instead of multiple interface&quot; what did they mean by that?<br />

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-in hub and spoke,is it always one physical interface is connected to FR ?<br />
<br />
Usually. But it's not a requirement.<br />
<br />
-they mentionned &quot;Instead of multiple interface&quot; what did they mean by that?<br />
<br />
Instead of multiple &quot;physical&quot; interfaces.<br />

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in you example if we had 2 physical interfaces going from the HUB to site A and B, would this work just like having subinterfaces?<br />

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Yep. But you'd never really do that. It would defeat one of the big cost benefits of frame-relay.<br />

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&lt;&lt;Yep. But you'd never really do that. It would defeat one of the big cost benefits of frame-relay.&gt;&gt;<br />
what do you mean?<br />

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One of the benefits of frame-relay is being able to terminate multiple locations on a single interface. That means a single local loop. So you can have 12 remote offices connected to the HQ office and only need a one local loop. <br />
<br />
Why would you want to spend all the additional money on 1) a router with 12 serial interfaces and 2) 11 additional local loops?<br />

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even whe using no ip split horizon?
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You're over complicating it.<br />
<br />
Sub interfaces allow a router to take a single physical interface and treat it as if it were multiple interfaces. That way, the split horizon rule does NOT cause a problem with distance vector routing protocols.<br />

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what I understand is:<br />
Split Horizon is telling the interface or subinterface if you a network is learned from interface A don't re-advertize through interface A,but advertize it through interface or Subinterface B,<br />
in this case I don't see why the local loop will occur if you have may physical interfaces or just one interface with many subinterfaces.<br />

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Local loop is a term that refers to the physical circuit that connects your router to the frame-relay provider POP (Point Of Presence). This can be a DS0, fractional T-1, full T-1, fractional T-3 or even a full &nbsp;T-3. <br />

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<div class="content wysiwyg-content">
can someone explain to me better than the explanation in the attached a file ?<br />
Thanks<br />
<a href="https://filedb.experts-exchange.com/incoming/2009/01_w04/98416/network.bmp" target="_blank" class="file-inline" title="split horizon (2.3 MB)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M67.508 468.467c-58.005-58.013-58.016-151.92 0-209.943l225.011-225.04c44.643-44.645 117.279-44.645 161.92 0 44.743 44.749 44.753 117.186 0 161.944l-189.465 189.49c-31.41 31.413-82.518 31.412-113.926.001-31.479-31.482-31.49-82.453 0-113.944L311.51 110.491c4.687-4.687 12.286-4.687 16.972 0l16.967 16.971c4.685 4.686 4.685 12.283 0 16.969L184.983 304.917c-12.724 12.724-12.73 33.328 0 46.058 12.696 12.697 33.356 12.699 46.054-.001l189.465-189.489c25.987-25.989 25.994-68.06.001-94.056-25.931-25.934-68.119-25.932-94.049 0l-225.01 225.039c-39.249 39.252-39.258 102.795-.001 142.057 39.285 39.29 102.885 39.287 142.162-.028A739446.174 739446.174 0 0 1 439.497 238.49c4.686-4.687 12.282-4.684 16.969.004l16.967 16.971c4.685 4.686 4.689 12.279.004 16.965a755654.128 755654.128 0 0 0-195.881 195.996c-58.034 58.092-152.004 58.093-210.048.041z"/></svg>network.bmp</a>
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network.bmp

can someone explain to me better than the explanation in the attached a file ?
Thanks

split horizon in hub/spoke

A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the "traffic directing" functions on the Internet. The most familiar type of routers are home and small office cable or DSL routers that simply pass data, such as web pages, email, IM, and videos between computers and the Internet. More sophisticated routers, such as enterprise routers, connect large business or ISP networks up to the powerful core routers that forward data at high speed along the optical fiber lines of the Internet backbone. Though routers are typically dedicated hardware devices, use of software-based routers has grown increasingly common.