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Avatar of andieje
andieje

density of air and acetone vapour
Hi

I recently did an experiment where acetone was heated in a water bath to vaporise it. The acetone was in a Dumas flask and excess vapour escapes through the capillary. I assumed any air in the flask would be expelled before the acetone vapour because air is less dense than acetone.

Acetone liquid has density 0.79g per cm^3 and air is 1.2kg per m^3. how can i find out the density of acetone vapour

thanks

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Avatar of d-glitchd-glitch๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ

They go through the procedure in some detail here:

http://chemlabs.uoregon.edu/Classes/Exton/CH228/Dumas.pdf

Avatar of d-glitchd-glitch๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ

Note that the Dumas experiment is for determining the molar weight of a vaporizable
liquid.

You have asked about the density, which will vary with pressure and temperature.

If all you really need is the density, you just have to divide the mass by the volume.
The link above discusses both measurements.

Avatar of TRehnTRehn๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ช

Hi.

You will find a good description of how to determine the density of acetone at
http://web.cocc.edu/zziegler/G_CHEM_winter/LABS/lab%20Week3_Dumas.pdf

When acetone vaporizes, acetone molecules mixes with air in the bottle. Thereby increasing the pressure and forcing the air-acetone gas mixture out of the bottle. ย The acetone gas molecules moves freely in the bottle as if the were alone there and mixes totally with the air molecules. The gravitational effect is neglectable. The volume of the vaporized acetone is much much larger than the volume of the bottle. Forcing air and acetone molecules to escape through the capillary. So after a while there are no air molecules (approximately) left in the bottle, only acetone.

Acetone gas density ย = Mass of acetone gas in the bottle / Volume of the bottle.

Mass of acetone in bottle = Weight of bottle with air and acetone gas at end of experiment - Weight of bottle with only air in it. ย 


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Avatar of ozoozo๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ

The density of any gas can be found from PV=nRT and the molar mass, which for acetone is58 g/mole

Avatar of andiejeandieje

ASKER

I forgot to add on to the end of my question...

How do i find the density of acetone at a particular temp and pressure. I can do that using pv = nrt as ozone says.

How do I find the density of air at the same temp/pressure? I actually asked teh question in the first place because of teh Dumas experiment. I was wondering how you can ensure there is no air left in the flask when you heat the volatile liquid (acetone) and i was presuming it was because air is less dense so I need to find teh density of air under my particular conditions of temp and pressure.

I know that the density of air at 100C is <ย 1gL^-1

Avatar of andiejeandieje

ASKER

I get the density of acetone at 362.15k and 100238.15Pa to be 1.93g L-1

Does that sound feasible? I worked this out from having 4.231 * 10^-3 moles of acetone in a volume of 127.062cm3

It sounds in the right ball park to me. It's certainly more dense than air

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Avatar of d-glitchd-glitch๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ

>>I was wondering how you can ensure there is no air left in the flask

The relative densities of the gasses are not as important as the time. ย 
You are actually mixing the gasses and flushing the air out of the flask.
The time constant for this is on the order of the volume divided by the flow rate.

5 time constants gives you (1-1/e^5) ==> 99.3% accuracy.

Avatar of andiejeandieje

ASKER

What do you mean by 5 time constants?

Avatar of d-glitchd-glitch๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ

If you start with 100 ml of air, and gradually add 100 ml of acetone vapor while drawing off the mixed gasses at the same rate, you will wind up with
acetone and air in the ratio (1-1/e)/((1/e) = (63/37).

If you flush the volume with 5x the volume of acetone, you wind up with
(1-1/e^5) = 99.3% acetone.

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Avatar of andiejeandieje

ASKER

Hi

What is the name of the process you are describing so I can read about it as I'm not reall sure what you mean.

For example, how do you know you are drawing odd the mixed gasses at the same rate in the Dumas experiment. All i know is that they will escape though the capillary tube in the top of teh flask. I'm also not sure how I am 'flushing the volume' in anyway in the experiment.

YOu say: The time constant for this is on the order of the volume divided by the flow rate.
I don't know what the flow rate is or how to find it

many thanks

ASKER CERTIFIED SOLUTION
Avatar of d-glitchd-glitch๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ

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The Math / Science topic primarily includes discussions of mathematics, physics, statistics and economic analysis, but also biology, chemistry and other sciences.