Disk disaster due to "Disk write failed"

The MFT stores the partition tables on the drive, and it seems to be corrupted. You'll need to use a data recovery program to get the data restored, and there is a very good change that you can get all the data (as ling as the drive itself hasn't been damaged). There are a bunch of low-end recovery programs that may work:
http://www.runtime.org/data-recovery-software.htm
http://www.stellarinfo.com/
http://www.boomdrs.com/

But the one I use is one of the more advanced (and expensive ones):
http://www.data-recovery-software.net/#features

you say that you've done all of this from standby.  if that is the case, I'm not surprised you've got those messages as the system is expecting X and your actions have not kept X the same.

what happens when you do a cold reboot of the system with all cables connected correctly?

Hi!

One fact that makes it a little more difficult is that this particular disk is encrypted.   If I cold reboot the system I think that I will not be able to mount this disk again.  I think that it will not be possible to find the password on the disk any more.  For the moment it is possible to see some directories on the disk, but most of them are empty.  Some directories contains some filenames pointing to files not available.

If I should try some recovery software I probably must do that without cold rebooting the system first.

I have also mailed the manufacturer of the encryption software to get their opinion.  Could take some time to get an answer.

Best regards
Proman

you can get free recovery tools like Helix boot disk or active book disk. if you have a chance try putting the hard drive in a USB box and use another computer to save your files. You most likely would want to format and reload windows to have a stable envirolment so need first to save the data.