How do I set up DNS delegation properly?
We're having a problem because our internal domain is (regrettably) the same as the external domain. So we have a *subdomain*.*domain*.com that we're trying to access, but because there isn't a record for it internally, we can't access it.
How can I resolve this? I thought perhaps DNS delegation would solve the problem, but in attempting to set it up I haven't gotten any further ahead.
How can I resolve this? I thought perhaps DNS delegation would solve the problem, but in attempting to set it up I haven't gotten any further ahead.
I believe you need to configure DNS forwarders. That way, when your DNS server can't resolve an outside url, for forwards the request to the forwarders you specified, usually your ISP's DNS.
ASKER
Like a conditional forwarder you mean?
you only need to delegate the subdomain if the dns server for the subdomain is different to the dns server for the domain. since you're talking about about delegation, I'll assume that this really is the case.
You need to add NS (and possibly some A) records to your domain.com DNS server.
This example is lifted from http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc739719(WS.10).aspx
For example, let's assume
- your top level domain is fabrikam.com
- your internal domain is fabricorp.fabrikam.com
- your internal DNS server is SEA-FAB-DC01.fabricorp.fab
for this example you'd need to add to fabrikam.com's DNS server:
fabricorp IN NS SEA-FAB-DC01.fabricorp.fab
SEA-FAB-DC01.fabricorp.fab
and setup SEA-FAB-DC01 so that it's the DNS server (and probably domain controller too, since I'm guessing you're on windows 'cos this query was tagged active directory) for fabricorp.fabrikam.com
You need to add NS (and possibly some A) records to your domain.com DNS server.
This example is lifted from http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc739719(WS.10).aspx
For example, let's assume
- your top level domain is fabrikam.com
- your internal domain is fabricorp.fabrikam.com
- your internal DNS server is SEA-FAB-DC01.fabricorp.fab
for this example you'd need to add to fabrikam.com's DNS server:
fabricorp IN NS SEA-FAB-DC01.fabricorp.fab
SEA-FAB-DC01.fabricorp.fab
and setup SEA-FAB-DC01 so that it's the DNS server (and probably domain controller too, since I'm guessing you're on windows 'cos this query was tagged active directory) for fabricorp.fabrikam.com
I am not sure I understand the problem. Are the computers in the domain.com having problems accessing subdomain.domain.com or the other way around.
Even if the domain names are the same (internal and external), the local DNS server that the clients are using should be integrated with AD and have the private IP addresses available to these clients. If not, then the DNS server may need to be changed on DHCP or the client machines. Also, the DNS server that is responding publicly should have the public IPs available and working. Is there a particular service or application that is failing or does all communication cease?
Even if the domain names are the same (internal and external), the local DNS server that the clients are using should be integrated with AD and have the private IP addresses available to these clients. If not, then the DNS server may need to be changed on DHCP or the client machines. Also, the DNS server that is responding publicly should have the public IPs available and working. Is there a particular service or application that is failing or does all communication cease?
ASKER
I am in Windows. I only have the one DNS server though... The website is hosted externally and the DNS servers I want to use are the ISP's...
ASKER
Okay, our PCs here cannot access flim.flam.com, because flam.com is our internal domain, and also the domain of our external website. We have a "www" CNAME record internally so that we can access www.flam.com, but we also need to access flim.flam.com and I'm not sure how to set that up.
Sound like you need to add the NS and A records to your ISP's DNS configuration in your domain. If they let you, some don't. to keep with my example...
So fabrikam.com should be served by your ISP.
your internal servers should call themselves fabricorp.fabrikam.com.
This should just work, provided that you don't try and make *any* internal server serve DNS for fabrikam.com. If you do, then you'll end up losing access to your external sites. However if you want you can run different and inconsistent DNS servers for fabrikam.com internally and externally. You'll just have to add A records for the external systems to your internal DNS (by hand) and then it should work.
So fabrikam.com should be served by your ISP.
your internal servers should call themselves fabricorp.fabrikam.com.
This should just work, provided that you don't try and make *any* internal server serve DNS for fabrikam.com. If you do, then you'll end up losing access to your external sites. However if you want you can run different and inconsistent DNS servers for fabrikam.com internally and externally. You'll just have to add A records for the external systems to your internal DNS (by hand) and then it should work.
so is there an entire domain flim.flam.com, or is it just a host?
ASKER
flim.flam.com is a subdomain of flam.com, which is hosted externally. It also happens to (by someone else's poor choice) be our internal domain as well. We have lots of stuff internally that is using *something*.sunrype.com, so we can't have all that DNS externally hosted.
Basically I want, internally, for everything to query our internal DNS server, except I guess for flim.flam.com. Or at least for our internal DNS server to say "I dunno where flim.flam.com is, go ask *ISP's DNS server*" which isn't currently happening. Nslookup on flim.flam.com just times out currently.
Basically I want, internally, for everything to query our internal DNS server, except I guess for flim.flam.com. Or at least for our internal DNS server to say "I dunno where flim.flam.com is, go ask *ISP's DNS server*" which isn't currently happening. Nslookup on flim.flam.com just times out currently.
Ah. Then you need to setup the NS records on your *internal* server to delegate to your external server.
For the sake of argument, let's assume that your ISP hosts your flim.flam.com DNS at a couple of servers, called ns1.isp.com, ns2.isp.com (you need to find out what the DNS servers are called - more the better)
thenon your internal DNS server, add
flim.flam.com IN NS ns1.isp.com
flim.flam.com IN NS ns2.isp.com
you won't need the A records because ns1.isp.com etc should resolve through DNS at isp.com.
you *will* still need to add any records for *host*.flam.com, and maintain these by hand.
For the sake of argument, let's assume that your ISP hosts your flim.flam.com DNS at a couple of servers, called ns1.isp.com, ns2.isp.com (you need to find out what the DNS servers are called - more the better)
thenon your internal DNS server, add
flim.flam.com IN NS ns1.isp.com
flim.flam.com IN NS ns2.isp.com
you won't need the A records because ns1.isp.com etc should resolve through DNS at isp.com.
you *will* still need to add any records for *host*.flam.com, and maintain these by hand.
ASKER
Sorry, what type of records are those?
actually, let's make it a little easier - assuming that blacksun.ca hosts your subdomain too, you would add these two records to your internal DNS:
flim.sunrype.com IN NS ns1.blacksun.ca.
flim.sunrype.com IN NS ns2.blacksun.ca.
I made a mistake earlier - don't miss out the dot on the end of the isp server name!
I derived this using dig, which digs into DNS servers and is part of the BIND distribution (http://www.isc.org/software/bind) - it runs on windows too. It's invaluable for working out what's broken (and what works) in DNS.
; <<>> DiG 9.7.0-P1 <<>> NS sunrype.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 65526
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;sunrype.com. IN NS
;; ANSWER SECTION:
sunrype.com. 890 IN NS ns1.blacksun.ca.
sunrype.com. 890 IN NS ns2.blacksun.ca.
flim.sunrype.com IN NS ns1.blacksun.ca.
flim.sunrype.com IN NS ns2.blacksun.ca.
I made a mistake earlier - don't miss out the dot on the end of the isp server name!
I derived this using dig, which digs into DNS servers and is part of the BIND distribution (http://www.isc.org/software/bind) - it runs on windows too. It's invaluable for working out what's broken (and what works) in DNS.
; <<>> DiG 9.7.0-P1 <<>> NS sunrype.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 65526
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;sunrype.com. IN NS
;; ANSWER SECTION:
sunrype.com. 890 IN NS ns1.blacksun.ca.
sunrype.com. 890 IN NS ns2.blacksun.ca.
> what type of records are those?
they're NS records... but, erm, that's not very helpful ;-) if you can tell me what version of windows you're using, I can probably point you a little closer to where you put this.
they're NS records... but, erm, that's not very helpful ;-) if you can tell me what version of windows you're using, I can probably point you a little closer to where you put this.
ASKER
It's Server 2003.
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You were right with New Delegation, it's not hidden under other records :)
Chris