And, I probably won't find a list *smile* -- state tells the source in SQL Server code that error generated from. As the description suggests, this information is helpful to Microsoft Engineers. You will probably see a number of errors are 1 because they only can get generated from one place. If however, there are multiple places or ways an error can be generated, the state allows the Engineers to pinpoint the exact source.
this is the defintion
"Some error messages can be raised at multiple points in the code for the Database Engine. For example, an 1105 error can be raised for several different conditions. Each specific condition that raises an error assigns a unique state code.
When you are viewing databases that contain information about known issues, such as the Microsoft Knowledge Base, you can use the state number to determine whether the recorded issue is the same as the error you have encountered. For example, if a Knowledge Base Article describes an 1105 error that has a state of 2 and the 1105 error message you received had a state of 3, the error probably has a different cause than the one reported in the article.
A Microsoft support engineer can also use the state code from an error to find the location in the source code where that error code is being raised. This information might provide additional ideas on how to diagnose the problem." http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms165761.aspx
I am sorry. I read that as "state the value used to determine the location..." i.e., error line or line number. :) I will try again now that I see that is about State within error message. When I locate the reference of all 127 states, I will post. At least ERROR_STATE can be 1 - 127 identifying at what stage the error occurred.