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what allows people to distinguish between shapes and colors?

Hello Everyone,

           I have a friend of mine who has a child learning to distinguish between shapes and colors.  Speaking of which, I am wondering exactly what goes on behind the scenes when someone distinguishes shapes and colors.  I always thought it had something to do with the rods and cones of the eye in addition to how the visual cortex of the brain processes the input being given to it by the optic nerve.  I know this is a very vague way of putting it, but, I believe it as something to do with those areas.  At any rate, if someone could offer more detailed information along with any examples to capture their viewpoints given, it will be greatly appreciated.

            Thanks in advance for any input given to this question.  I will look forward to reviewing everyone's comments given.

             George
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Hi

        What exactly are cones within the eyes?  And, speaking of the visual cortex of the brain, I will make up a hypothetical situation and see if you agree.  Lets say a child is able to recognize a chair because of its shape.  He or she is able to to this because a "prototype" of a chair is already created within the brain from a previous experience or exposure to a chair. So, when the sensory input matches the prototype stored within the visual cortex of the brain, the, the child is able to recognize the object as a chair.  Is that close to being correct?

           Thank you

            George

             
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Hi There,

         Thanks so much for the feedback given to this post.  I must confess I do not have a complete understanding of color and shape recognition.  However, using the feedback given I have a general idea of what goes on behind the scenes to some extent.  I am sure I would need some type of college course on the topic to gain a more thorough understanding.

         Thanks again for the help given.

         George