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Does a RAID 5 array with unusable hard drive still function properly before the bad hard drive is replaced?

Does a RAID 5 array with unusable hard drive still function properly before the bad hard drive is replaced?

Or will the data on the RAID 5 array only work properly after the defective hard drive has been replaced and the new replacement hard drive has had its data rewritten using the parity information?

I have a customer running Server 2008 R2 on a Dell server that then has 6 Hyper-V virtual machines that all run Server 2008 R2.

One of the hard drives in the RAID 5 array is damaged and as a result the base server and 6 Hyper V servers keep having different types of problems that need to be corrected.

I'm just wondering if all of these problems will stop occurring as soon as the defective hard drive within the RAID 5 array has been replaced.

Or is the purpose of RAID and RAID 5 to make it so that even while a defective or unrecognizable hard drive is in the array that this RAID 5 array will continue to function correctly even before the defective or unrecognizable hard drive is replaced?

Please clarify this issue for me.
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How do I do a files system check? By running a chkdsk on the hard drives within this RAID 5 array?

Or is this something that I do within the RAID controller or the RAID controller utilities?
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Does anyone else have any further comments or suggestions?