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Where Does Linux Ubuntu 64-Bit V.11.10 Place Its Installed Programs Once They Are Installed And Not Part Of The Launcher Bar?

Hello. I have a question to ask you.

You install a program in Linux Ubuntu 64-bit version 11.10 -- latest version from Ubuntu Software Center or even Archive Manager for those files or folders you manually have to download. Obviously it doesn't automatically place an icon in the launcher bar (I assume the icons in the launcher bar are 'shortcuts'?) once installed. Also it does not place a shortcut on the desktop like Windows. Where do you go to launch the program to run the program you just installed? Where are the installer programs housed in Ubuntu? Obviously, the Ubuntu Software Center comes to mind, but that only contains programs you want to install. So once the program is installed; where is the program placed I can launch to run it?  

Yes, I can run the Dash home icon in the Launcher and do an application/program search for the program I just installed, but I cannot believe that is the means to easily access the program in order to launch or run your newly installed program?

In Windows, you use the Start Menu and “All Programs” to find the list of installed programs all in once place part of the operating system. Does Ubuntu have an equivalent place to make it accessible and easy? Where? Please explain. I need to know how.

Please reply.

Thank you!
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Dave Baldwin
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@ DaveBaldwin & anyone:

Hello again. Thank you for your comment.

I have spent the time having been to our weblink and found FHS (Filesystem Hierarchy Standard) a very useful link. The organizational structure methods are much different between Windows and Linux Ubuntu. Much of the description of the nomenclature of Linux is honestly confusing to me. Some makes sense and others aspects does not. I have with Windows so long that my mind is very familiarly structured and developed around it -- yet I am not no programmer.  

Let me ask you, do you have or know of any EXCELLENT weblinks (a well written discourse) on the Linux operating system, specifically Ubuntu that dive better into Ubuntu's file and folder structure from the standpoint of an expert in that there is a plethora of information and knowledge, but presented or written for the beginner (non-programmer); if you know what I am asking?

I would really like to learn more and get some better grasp of the foundation of Ubuntu and its inner workings full of information.

I would really appreciate this sense of direction from an expert.  

Please reply.

Thank you!
If there are any EXCELLENT weblinks, I haven't seen them.  The things I've read always seem to assume that you know what they're talking about without telling you.  There has never seemed to me to be much in the way of 'beginner' information.  Linux filesystem in general is organized the way it is shown on that page I linked above.

Linux disk partitions are also different.  Rather than having a swap file, Linux usually uses a swap partition on the disk.
@ DaveBaldwin:

Hello. Thank you for your latest comment.

I appreciate your candid comments. I will not give up searching in my 'spare' time, what ever I have of that to find such a Linux/Ubuntu source. :)

Again, thank you!
Again, thank you!
What I have done is go to the Ubuntu documentation each time I have a question.  The info is usually there Somewhere.  It often takes some digging to find it.  Linux comes from Unix which predates Windows by 10 years.  Most everything is different in the details.

Note that the differences in various distributions of Linux is how they do things.  While they all seem to use the same organization, Ubuntu and CentOS, for example, use different methods of configuring Apache.