Remote Desktop Windows 7/Windows Server 2008

Sure just enable RDP.

http://serverfault.com/questions/127576/how-to-configure-remote-desktop-on-window-server-2008-r2

you should first activate it here: Control Panel \ System \ Remote.
Activate the Allow users to connect remotely to this computer.
Make sure that there is no firewall rule to blok the connction to your server on port 3389 from outside..

Do I need to also add the forwarded port to the router on both ends of the connection?

What type of firewall do you have?

We just use the Windows firewall.

Robert, do you have an external firewall? For example, it goes...

ISP modem->firewall->your network

Within your router/firewall you need to set port forwarding for port 3389 to the IP address of the server you are trying to access. Then from outside you can type the public IP address into your RDP connection and access the server.
Many routers have wizards for this or you may have to configure it manually.
Please let us know what type of router you have so we can further instruct you.
As Metaltree asks above, is your set up:

ISP modem->firewall->your network

or something different?

On both ends it is ISP modem>router>firewall>network

The router on the school network is a Linksys WRT320N.

The router on my home network is a D-Link DI614+

Ok, so...

1. On your school device you want to remote to, find out the local IP address and . Make sure you have RDP enabled, (my computer->properties->remote tab)
2. Login to Linksys web admin, click Applications and Gaming -> Port Forwarding is a sub category
3. Give it a name RDP, port 3389 to 3389 and then put your IP as the destination
4. Save
5. Open RDP at home, connect to your school's PUBLIC ip.  You can find this out by going to "whatismyip" in google and it will give you your public ip

I have this setup and will try using it later today.