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what is the purpose of configuring a network card with DNS information?

Hello and Good Morning Everyone,

               As an independent followup from a previously closed post, I have a question regarding the manual configuration of a network card.  For example, as a possible troubleshooting option, there was a suggestion given to go into Properties of the Network Adapter and set both of those to Google's public DNS servers: 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4 which brings me to a question.  What would be the purpose of manually setting the Primary and Secondary DNS servers?  Should this information normally be autodetected?  

              While my issue has already been resolved by reconfiguring the Internet Explorer browser by disabling the proxy server within the settings, there still remains that academic curiousity about myself to learn more from the suggestions given.  As such, any insightful feedback given to this post will be greatly appreciated.  

               Thank you

               George
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Hello Everyone,

               Thanks so much for the feedback provided.  Everything which has been brought up certainly makes sense.  I do have a couple of followup questions which I am confident will be resolved in order to give a clearer picture of the points presented.  Back around the year of 2000, I remember a friend setting up one computer with a program called WinProxy and set that main computer up as a WinProxy server.  The other 4 computers were set up with WinProxy software as well and configured as clients with manually configured information such as IP address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway, Primary and Secondary DNS numbers, and so forth.  Each set of information was the same and not changed for the WinProxy server and WinProxy clients.  So, the settings which would normally be provided by a DHCP server like a router was static and given by the WinProxy server main computer.  At any rate, would this sort of setup be an example of a "domain" since the WinProxy clients had to make a request to the WinProxy server first in order to get onto the internet?  I remember if the WinProxy server computer was shut off for any reason, then, the WinProxy client computers would not have access to the internet.  And, secondly, is there an online site which provides DNS addresses for different domain names such as Google, Yahoo, etc. that can be used as temporary troubleshooting resources?  I guess what I am getting at is simply this.  Is there a DNS server lookup which resolves domain name addresses into DNS addresses?

               Thank you

               George
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Hello and Good Evening Everyone,

           Thank you for the followups and correcting me on a few points or misconceptions.  At this time, I want to wrap up things by gaining some insights into the troubleshooting usefulness of manually configuring the network adapter.  For instance, let me begin with a hypothetical situation involving a desktop which is unable to get onto the internet.  If the IP information is known for that particular computer from a previous ipconfig overview and that information is plugged into the Properties section of the Network Adapter which results in a successful internet connection, then, would it be accurate to conclude the router is the culprit of the problem since it is suppose to transmit IP information automatically to its client computers?  Of course, I realize the success of any manual configuration of the network adapter under such a hypothetical scenario would be temporary and not permanent.  The reason I bring this up is because I remember getting a wireless client computer working online by manually plugging in the IP address of it like 192.168.1.0, the Subnet Mask which was 255.255.255.0 and the wireless router's IP address of of 192.168.3.0 into the Primary and Secondary DNS Suffixes.  Since it has been a while, I might be in error with regards to the reporting of these numbers.  At any rate, this worked just temporarily and only worked again when the numbers were re-inputted.  The entire problem was permanently solved by replacing the wireless router.  

             At any rate, I just wanted to share this information with everyone to get your thoughts on it.  In other words, could what I had done be carried out with temporary success in other situations in which a client computer on a wireless can not automatically receive the IP information necessary to reach the internet?

             Thank you

             George
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Hello and Good Afternoon Everyone,

            After reading and re-reading everyone's replies several times, I now have a complete picture of the behind the scenes things which take place between the DHCP server or router and the host computers which make request to it within a home environment.  I also was able to correct some misconceptions which I had as well with respect to proxy servers.  Since I do not have any background with respect to setting up  Windows based servers, I know I will need to get some experience in order to better understand and appreciate setting up a domain directory for a corporate environment.  While I understand it to some extent conceptually, I am not sure I understand it tangibly.  Perhaps I will save that part for a later question if the need arises.

              At the moment though, I am very happy and pleased with the information provided to my question.  It certainly did help with respect to broadening my insights and understanding of home and small business connection setups.

              Many thanks once again everyone.

             George