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Yes it can on 2008 R2 SP1 per MS:<br />
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<b><u>Please note the SP version </u></b><br />
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb691354%28v=exchg.150%29.aspx" rel="ugc">http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb691354%28v=exchg.150%29.aspx</a><br />
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Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 prerequisites<br />
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The prerequisites that are needed to install Exchange 2013 on a Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 computer depends on which Exchange roles you want to install. Read the section below that matches the roles you want to install.<br />
Mailbox or Client Access server roles
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Yes it can on 2008 R2 SP1 per MS:

Please note the SP version
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb691354%28v=exchg.150%29.aspx [http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb691354%28v=exchg.150%29.aspx]

Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 prerequisites

The prerequisites that are needed to install Exchange 2013 on a Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 computer depends on which Exchange roles you want to install. Read the section below that matches the roles you want to install.
Mailbox or Client Access server roles

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Absolutely yes you can deploy it
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can I install exchange 2013 on windows server 2008 R2
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can I install exchange 2013 on windows server 2008 R2

exchange 2013

Exchange is the server side of a collaborative application product that is part of the Microsoft Server infrastructure. Exchange's major features include email, calendaring, contacts and tasks, support for mobile and web-based access to information, and support for data storage.