Linux: How do I get a list of SAMBA shares and their corresponding folders?

You can get that with: smbclient -L <host> -U <user> and then you get asked for the password. Enter the password for that given username and you get a list like this:

[11:28:02][s1gny@opteron.local]
[/home/s1gny]$ smbclient -L localhost
Enter s1gny's password:
Domain=[SUPERNET] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 4.1.1]

      Sharename       Type      Comment
      ---------       ----      -------
      camera-archiv   Disk      
      scan            Disk      
      tmp             Disk      
      raid5           Disk      
      daten           Disk      
      root directory  Disk      
      iX-6850         Printer   Samsung CLX-6220 Series (samsung)
      Stylus-Photo-R320 Printer   EPSON Stylus Photo R320
      clx6220         Printer   clx6220
      IPC$            IPC       IPC Service (Opteron (4.1.1))
      s1gny           Disk      Home Directories
Domain=[SUPERNET] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 4.1.1]

      Server               Comment
      ---------            -------

      Workgroup            Master
      ---------            -------

testparm

/etc/samba/smb.conf   works well but how can I pipe it to a file and keep the same neat formatting?
If I use >  to pipe to a text file it does not keep the format.

try

cat smb.conf |grep -v -e global -e logon -e homes | grep -e '\[' -e 'path' >~/out.txt

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this will put only the share names in [] and the corresponging paths in the output file. the rest will be cut away.