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@Will:<br />
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If the firewall is still active, won't the the VLAN traffic still work according to the rules set in the firewall? &nbsp;If I remember correctly, VLAN tags are part of the IP table, no?
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@Will:

If the firewall is still active, won't the the VLAN traffic still work according to the rules set in the firewall?  If I remember correctly, VLAN tags are part of the IP table, no?

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If the VLAN is part of the switch it should work. If the VLAN is part of the router and the router is offline (off) it won't work. If the VLAN is part of the router and the router is working (but just no internet) then it should work.
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If the VLAN is part of the switch it should work. If the VLAN is part of the router and the router is offline (off) it won't work. If the VLAN is part of the router and the router is working (but just no internet) then it should work.

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Good answers to my questions.
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You are very welcome and I was happy to help.
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You are very welcome and I was happy to help.

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It depends on what functions the router supplies to your LAN. Usually it is a DHCP server too, and if your system uses the router's DHCP server, your devices, when rebooted, won't get an IP.
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It depends on what functions the router supplies to your LAN. Usually it is a DHCP server too, and if your system uses the router's DHCP server, your devices, when rebooted, won't get an IP.

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In the scenario where Gateways, firewalls, routers, DHCP servers, DNS servers are all discrete boxes, if one pulls the router offline, most of the commonly used functions should still work, correct? &nbsp;Assuming that a star distribution is in play for most of this stuff and traffic doesn't have to pass through the router to get to the other devices.<br />
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For example - if the router goes offline, and the switch has all the tables - traffic ought to flow OK except in the case where new things are trying to be accessed. <br />
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Am I on the right track here?
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In the scenario where Gateways, firewalls, routers, DHCP servers, DNS servers are all discrete boxes, if one pulls the router offline, most of the commonly used functions should still work, correct?  Assuming that a star distribution is in play for most of this stuff and traffic doesn't have to pass through the router to get to the other devices.

For example - if the router goes offline, and the switch has all the tables - traffic ought to flow OK except in the case where new things are trying to be accessed. 

Am I on the right track here?

How long can a network run without it's router?

A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the "traffic directing" functions on the Internet. The most familiar type of routers are home and small office cable or DSL routers that simply pass data, such as web pages, email, IM, and videos between computers and the Internet. More sophisticated routers, such as enterprise routers, connect large business or ISP networks up to the powerful core routers that forward data at high speed along the optical fiber lines of the Internet backbone. Though routers are typically dedicated hardware devices, use of software-based routers has grown increasingly common.

Routers

Networking is the process of connecting computing devices, peripherals and terminals together through a system that uses wiring, cabling or radio waves that enable their users to communicate, share information and interact over distances. Often associated are issues regarding operating systems, hardware and equipment, cloud and virtual networking, protocols, architecture, storage and management.

Networking

Networking hardware includes the physical devices facilitating the use of a computer network. Typically, networking hardware includes gateways, routers, network bridges, modems, wireless access points, networking cables, line drivers, switches, hubs, and repeaters. But it also includes hybrid network devices such as multilayer switches, protocol converters, bridge routers, proxy servers, firewalls, network address translators, multiplexers, network interface controllers, wireless network interface controllers, ISDN terminal adapters and other related hardware.