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Disk Error

I have a user with HP Pro desktop running Windows 7.  I.  He said that his PC displayed an error and then rebooted to the CHKDSK screen.  I did find some corruption but brought up the windows login screen.  After entering his login information it never goes into windows, but when I reboot and login as myself it will go into windows, quickly display a disk error message, but let me work.

Is this truly a disk failure?
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Zac Harris
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What do the event logs for the system say?

Also, this may not be disk failure yet, but it seems like the disk may fail. If you can still access the machine make sure you backup the important things before you mess around with the system too much trying to fix it. That way if it does fail, you haven't lost anything you need.
Disk may be failing and the reason he can't get in is that his profile is corrupt.  That is a possible.

But you check by running the appropriate disk util over the hard disk.  Seagate have their SeaTools util http://www.seagate.com/support/downloads/item/seatools-win-master/ and Western Digital have their Lifeguard util http://support.wdc.com/downloads.aspx?lang=en  These are the most common hard disks.  Use these to check the disk.  Also examine the Event logs as well.
Could be something corrupt in his user profile, or rather the part of the HD that's corrupt contains user profile info that person.

Shut down the PC, then power it back on and get into the built-in diagnostics (Esc key or F1 or F8 - there should be something on screen) and run the hard drive test. Could be the drive itself is failing.
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Event Logs:

The following fatal alert was generated: 10. The internal error state is 10.

The file system structure on the disk is corrupt and unusable. Please run the chkdsk utility on the volume OS.
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Zac Harris
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As mentioned earlier, first run the disk manufacturer's diagnostic utility on it if it tells you the disk is bad replace it. If it tells you the disk is 100% OK, run a chkdsk /f /r on all it's drive letters.

You'll find the manufacturer's utilities on the UBCD (except if it an SSD):

http://mirror.sysadminguide.net/ubcd/ubcd535.iso
try if it boots up in safe mode ok - then to normal mode