Active Directory (AD) is a Microsoft brand for identity-related capabilities. In the on-premises world, Windows Server AD provides a set of identity capabilities and services, and is hugely popular (88% of Fortune 1000 and 95% of enterprises use AD). This topic includes all things Active Directory including DNS, Group Policy, DFS, troubleshooting, ADFS, and all other topics under the Microsoft AD and identity umbrella.
TRUSTED BY
For roaming data, use Folder Redirection (for everyone - but watch the group policy setting for permissions or you can have a nightmare of a time gaining access when needed - even virus scanning). Or if you don't want to, specify a "home drive" in the AD account profiles and store the files there.
As for permissions, as a general rule, NEVER set a user account to the permissions of a file or folder (or share). The exception is ALMOST always home drives. Use groups. Adding and removing users to groups does not require adjusting permissions on all files like use single accounts would (which can be a time consuming and disk intensive operation). Further, I always add the System account and Domain Admins to the list of users with Full Control rights. (If you're domain admins are not trustworthy, they shouldn't be your domain admins). And system is generally necessary for a variety of tasks.
As for merging the folders - Copy one into the other and then copy the combined folder to the server. Then MOVE the folders on each workstation to a temporary location as BACKUPS (don't tell the user where - you don't want them using them locally when you're trying to put them on the server.
More info on Folder Redirection: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732275.aspx