Compiled VB.NET program does not run on another computer

I have a desktop and a laptop.  Both have Visual Studio 2010 installed and both have exactly the same program files (shared via Dropbox).  However when I compile my program on the desktop, the executable does not run.  The program does not start or even show in the Processes tab of the Task Manager.  However, if I compile the program on the laptop, it runs just fine.  I have tried doing a repair of Visual Studio 2010 on my desktop and have even reinstalled Windows 10 over the existing OS to repair it as well.  But there has been no change.  

Two points that may help in diagnosing this problem:

1.  Lately, Visual Studio 2010 stops working at weird times, requiring me to restart it.

2.  Also recently, the following message appears on my desktop, "This theme cannot be applied to the desktop."  The message appears at random times (even directly after startup).

I am at my wit's end but was hoping someone could advise me before I give up and reformat my hard drive and reinstall Windows and all of my programs.  Thank you.

Vijay