Calculating Link Juice for all pages of a website

Hello dear experts,

I have a website here with about ~100 pages and we try to optimize it for google.
We are facing the interesting concept of link juice right now, wonder a lot and try to find an effective way to manage it.

The idea we have is to place links in a way that link juice can be "assigned" from overranked pages that are not so important to pages in need of more attention.

To reach that goal we'd like to generate an overview of all pages in our website like that:

example.com/                                  4728
example.com/news/1                    1234
example.com/news/2                    2315
example.com/about...                   9

Now the questions:

- A lot of people have written about link juice, but they seem to reference each other all the time. And everyone seems to be just some blogger guy who references another blogger guy. Is there a document, a single source of truth, so to say, about how it is really calculated? So we can use this as basis for our calculation?

- Does someone know of a tool that can calculate and create an overview like mentioned above? We know there are some web tools out there, that scan a single page of the website. Since the pages create a network and the "link-depth" seems to play a role in the calculation that is not very helpful.

Thank you very much and best regards!