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MSSQL: Query to convert field in a row into several rows

Hi,
hope everybody is ok.
Well, I need to fix an issue in an important table of our database. The scenario is the following:

We have a table for Customers ("tblCustomer"), it has several columns for all customers details. Last one column is named 'Log' where we save all the updates made to each customer, the issue is that the design of this table was wrong because this field is concatenating all update details in this very same field, so today... We have hundreds of replicated data in this field so when the asp.net page wants to run a query to update all customers of this table the memory hangs (today it takes more than 2 days to make an update).

Convention:
When I say "Log updates" I am referring to every update the user does to any "tblCustomer" rows.

A solution I am trying to do is:

Modify the asp.net page that updates the "tblCustomer" table

[list=2]Create a new table called "tblCustomerHistory" so we save a history of the updates in this table. This table would have 2 columns "id_Customer" and "Log"[/list]
[list=3]Modify our asp.net page to save only last update in current "Log" column for the "tblCustomer" table.[/list]
[list=4*]Run a query for existing data in 'log' column in "tblCustomer" to move it to "tblCustomerHistory" table in 'log' column.[/list]

* Point 4 is the one I need help with
To get a query that allow me to take current data in "log" column for "tblCustomer" table ("Image_1.PNG") and separate log updates and insert text creating new rows in "tblCustomerHistory" (Image_2.PNG).

Note: log updates to "tblCustomer" table in "Log" column are separated by "<br>" so asp.net can properly display to the user so if in the new table we can have all records with <br> would be a perfect solution, if not possible, I will understand it.

Thanks a lot.

User generated image

User generated image

Well you are absolutely right to re-design that table. "log" should never have been a single column and needs to be in a table that joins back to the customers.

It would be great if you could supply sample data (not images). You don't need to give us all columns and the names of clients can be obscured. Just a few columns and a few rows but make sure the log column is included in the sample. Use a "code block" (or an attached text file). Does not need to be a big sample.

In essence you need a "split string" function (and there are many available) that will divide "log" into many rows that you can build a new table from.
e.g. https://www.experts-exchange.com/questions/28779240/SQL-Substring.html?anchorAnswerId=41125184#a41125184

But I'd like to see some real samples of "log" if possible.

With this sample and this function

CREATE TABLE tblCustomer
    ([id_Empresa] int, [log] varchar(250))
;

INSERT INTO tblCustomer
    ([id_Empresa], [log])
VALUES
    (104, '<br>Cambio estado (1) Activo 7/28/2016 12:00:00 AM<br>Cambio estado (1) Activo 7/28/2016 12:00:00 AM<br>Cambio estado (1) Activo 7/28/2016 12:00:00 AM<br>Cambio estado (1) Activo 7/28/2016 12:00:00 AM<br>Cambio estado (1) Activo 7/28/2016 12:00:00 AM')
;

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[SplitStringIntoTable]  (
    @string varchar(8000),
    @delimiter varchar(5)
    )
RETURNS TABLE WITH SCHEMABINDING 
AS
--SELECT * FROM (SELECT 'ab/c/def/ghijklm/no/prq/////st/u//' AS string) AS test_values CROSS APPLY DBA.dbo.SplitStringIntoTable(test_values.string, '/')
RETURN
--Inline-CTE-Driven "tally table" produces values from 0 to 9999  ... enough to cover varchar(8000)
WITH cteDigits AS (
    SELECT 0 AS digit UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 UNION ALL
    SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 7 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL SELECT 9
),
cteTally AS (
    SELECT [1000s].digit * 1000 + [100s].digit * 100 + [10s].digit * 10 + [1s].digit AS num
    FROM cteDigits [1s] --0 thru 9
    CROSS JOIN cteDigits [10s] --thru 99
    CROSS JOIN cteDigits [100s] --thru 999
    CROSS JOIN cteDigits [1000s] --thru 9999
),
cteBase(num) AS ( --Limit the number of rows up front, for both a performance gain and prevention of accidental "overruns"
        SELECT 0 UNION ALL
        SELECT TOP (DATALENGTH(ISNULL(@string, 1))) ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT NULL)) FROM cteTally
), 
cteStart(num1) AS ( --This returns num + 1 (starting position of each "value" just once for each delimiter)
        SELECT b.num + 1
        FROM cteBase b
        WHERE (SUBSTRING(@string, b.num, 1) = @delimiter OR b.num = 0)
)
--Do the actual split. The ISNULL/NULLIF combo handles the length for the final element when no delimiter is found. 
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY s.num1) AS value_seq,
       LTRIM(RTRIM(SUBSTRING(@string, s.num1, ISNULL(NULLIF(CHARINDEX(@delimiter, @string, s.num1), 0) - s.num1, 8000)))) AS value
FROM cteStart s;

GO

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Using this query:

SELECT 
       c.id_Empresa
     , SplitString.value_seq
     , pos1, SplitString.value
     , case when ca2.pos1 > 0 then left(SplitString.value, ca2.pos1 + 6) end left_part
     , case when ca2.pos1 > 0 then substring(SplitString .value, ca2.pos1 + 7, len(SplitString.value)) end right_part
FROM tblCustomer c
CROSS APPLY dbo.SplitStringIntoTable ( replace(c.log,'<br>','~'), '~' ) as SplitString
CROSS APPLY (select charindex('Activo',SplitString.value) as pos1 ) as ca2

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I got this result:

| id_Empresa | value_seq | pos1 |                                          value |                 left_part |            right_part |
|------------|-----------|------|------------------------------------------------|---------------------------|-----------------------|
|        104 |         1 |    0 |                                                |                    (null) |                (null) |
|        104 |         2 |   19 | Cambio estado (1) Activo 7/28/2016 12:00:00 AM | Cambio estado (1) Activo  | 7/28/2016 12:00:00 AM |
|        104 |         3 |   19 | Cambio estado (1) Activo 7/28/2016 12:00:00 AM | Cambio estado (1) Activo  | 7/28/2016 12:00:00 AM |
|        104 |         4 |   19 | Cambio estado (1) Activo 7/28/2016 12:00:00 AM | Cambio estado (1) Activo  | 7/28/2016 12:00:00 AM |
|        104 |         5 |   19 | Cambio estado (1) Activo 7/28/2016 12:00:00 AM | Cambio estado (1) Activo  | 7/28/2016 12:00:00 AM |
|        104 |         6 |   19 | Cambio estado (1) Activo 7/28/2016 12:00:00 AM | Cambio estado (1) Activo  | 7/28/2016 12:00:00 AM |

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some extra columns are sown only to help understand.

Note I have assumed [log] does not contain ~
and replaced <br> with ~
so that the split string function will work

refer: http://sqlfiddle.com/#!6/c9966/1

ASKER

I am so sorry I abandoned this question. I can now continue on it, I have done the test and I can now replicate Expert comment.
Can the admin re-activate this question so I can answer?

The auto-close process was stopped by your comment, so you are nw able to close it.
j

ASKER

Many Thanks!

Ok. I have tried the function and query but I don't know how to convert it to do what I need.

Please check point 4 in my question...
The resulting query should insert the displayed results into a table called "tblCustomerHistory".
Can you please update your query so I can re-test it?
Thanks.

Im on a train heading to work. I may not be able to do this for 12 hours or so.

ASKER

ok. I can wait... have a good trip :)

Have you tried just adding

Insert into tblCustomerHistory

Above the select query?

ASKER

I have created tblCustomerHistory with 3 columns:

("creation_date" for the 'right_part' as you called it.
"id_empresa" for 'id_Empresa' (company id)
"log" for the 'left part' in your example

I also modified your query to:

INSERT INTO tblCustomerHistory (creation_date, id_empresa, log)
SELECT 
            case when ca2.pos1 > 0 then substring(SplitString .value, ca2.pos1 + 7, len(SplitString.value)) end right_part
     ,  c.id_Empresa
     , case when ca2.pos1 > 0 then left(SplitString.value, ca2.pos1 + 6) end left_part

FROM tblCustomer c
CROSS APPLY dbo.SplitStringIntoTable ( replace(c.log,'<br>','~'), '~' ) as SplitString
CROSS APPLY (select charindex('Activo',SplitString.value) as pos1 ) as ca2

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And after running it, it leaves several blank fields, probably because "Activo" is not the only criteria, it can be any of 3 texts values ("Activo", "Bloquedao" or "Inactivo") any idea how can I fix it?
Please see attached image.

I have NOT TESTED the following at all, and it may not be a very sophisticated approach but one way is to use unions perhaps.

for example:

-- INSERT INTO tblCustomerHistory (creation_date, id_empresa, log)
        SELECT
                CASE
                        WHEN ca2.pos1 > 0 THEN SUBSTRING(SplitString.value, ca2.pos1 + 7, LEN(SplitString.value))
                END right_part
              , c.id_Empresa
              , CASE
                        WHEN ca2.pos1 > 0 THEN LEFT(SplitString.value, ca2.pos1 + 6)
                END left_part

        FROM tblCustomer c
        CROSS APPLY dbo.SplitStringIntoTable(REPLACE(c.log, '<br>', '~'), '~') AS SplitString
        CROSS APPLY (SELECT
                        CHARINDEX('Activo', SplitString.value) AS pos1) AS ca2
        WHERE CHARINDEX('Activo', SplitString) > 0

        UNION ALL

        SELECT
                CASE
                        WHEN ca2.pos1 > 0 THEN SUBSTRING(SplitString.value, ca2.pos1 + 10, LEN(SplitString.value))
                END right_part
              , c.id_Empresa
              , CASE
                        WHEN ca2.pos1 > 0 THEN LEFT(SplitString.value, ca2.pos1 + 9)
                END left_part

        FROM tblCustomer c
        CROSS APPLY dbo.SplitStringIntoTable(REPLACE(c.log, '<br>', '~'), '~') AS SplitString
        CROSS APPLY (SELECT
                        CHARINDEX('Bloquedao', SplitString.value) AS pos1) AS ca2
        WHERE CHARINDEX('Bloquedao', SplitString) > 0

        UNION ALL

        SELECT
                CASE
                        WHEN ca2.pos1 > 0 THEN SUBSTRING(SplitString.value, ca2.pos1 + 9, LEN(SplitString.value))
                END right_part
              , c.id_Empresa
              , CASE
                        WHEN ca2.pos1 > 0 THEN LEFT(SplitString.value, ca2.pos1 + 8)
                END left_part

        FROM tblCustomer c
        CROSS APPLY dbo.SplitStringIntoTable(REPLACE(c.log, '<br>', '~'), '~') AS SplitString
        CROSS APPLY (SELECT
                        CHARINDEX('inactivo', SplitString.value) AS pos1) AS ca2
        WHERE CHARINDEX('inactivo', SplitString) > 0

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Use a select query first to see if it produces valid data

Please note: I do not have test data to work from

ASKER

Msg 102, Level 15, State 1, Line 51
Incorrect syntax near 'all'.

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The great problem for anyone trying to answer just an error message is we don't actually know what it is that you actually you executed. e.g. "Line 51" suggests you added 2 lines to my 49 line suggestion.

Please also keep in mind that I really cannot test anything I am proposing because I do not have test data.

However, despite those comments, I think the error is my fault (sorry), and I suspect the union should have been performed via a CTE (common table expression) like this:

with CTE as (
        SELECT
                CASE
                        WHEN ca2.pos1 > 0 THEN SUBSTRING(SplitString.value, ca2.pos1 + 7, LEN(SplitString.value))
                END right_part
              , c.id_Empresa
              , CASE
                        WHEN ca2.pos1 > 0 THEN LEFT(SplitString.value, ca2.pos1 + 6)
                END left_part

        FROM tblCustomer c
        CROSS APPLY dbo.SplitStringIntoTable(REPLACE(c.log, '<br>', '~'), '~') AS SplitString
        CROSS APPLY (SELECT
                        CHARINDEX('Activo', SplitString.value) AS pos1) AS ca2
        WHERE CHARINDEX('Activo', SplitString) > 0

        UNION ALL

        SELECT
                CASE
                        WHEN ca2.pos1 > 0 THEN SUBSTRING(SplitString.value, ca2.pos1 + 10, LEN(SplitString.value))
                END right_part
              , c.id_Empresa
              , CASE
                        WHEN ca2.pos1 > 0 THEN LEFT(SplitString.value, ca2.pos1 + 9)
                END left_part

        FROM tblCustomer c
        CROSS APPLY dbo.SplitStringIntoTable(REPLACE(c.log, '<br>', '~'), '~') AS SplitString
        CROSS APPLY (SELECT
                        CHARINDEX('Bloquedao', SplitString.value) AS pos1) AS ca2
        WHERE CHARINDEX('Bloquedao', SplitString) > 0

        UNION ALL

        SELECT
                CASE
                        WHEN ca2.pos1 > 0 THEN SUBSTRING(SplitString.value, ca2.pos1 + 9, LEN(SplitString.value))
                END right_part
              , c.id_Empresa
              , CASE
                        WHEN ca2.pos1 > 0 THEN LEFT(SplitString.value, ca2.pos1 + 8)
                END left_part

        FROM tblCustomer c
        CROSS APPLY dbo.SplitStringIntoTable(REPLACE(c.log, '<br>', '~'), '~') AS SplitString
        CROSS APPLY (SELECT
                        CHARINDEX('inactivo', SplitString.value) AS pos1) AS ca2
        WHERE CHARINDEX('inactivo', SplitString) > 0
    )
--INSERT INTO tblCustomerHistory (creation_date, id_empresa, log)
    SELECT creation_date, id_empresa, [log]
    FROM CTE

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At this point I have to encourage you to investigate error messages before you add them to comments here. Look at the listed line number of the code you used that produced an error, works upwards from that point ou may spot the problem yourself.

If you do get an error you cannot solve, please using a code block and include the actual code used, along with the error message.

ASKER

Initially, I just added 2 'Enter'
I checked the issue but as I understand it, it recognizes 'SplitString' as a column.

Now it displays the following error:

Msg 207, Level 16, State 1, Line 15
Invalid column name 'SplitString'.
Msg 207, Level 16, State 1, Line 32
Invalid column name 'SplitString'.
Msg 207, Level 16, State 1, Line 49
Invalid column name 'SplitString'.

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LInes 15, 32 and 49 all refer to where clauses

so there is a problem in those lines, e.g. line 15 is

WHERE CHARINDEX('Activo', SplitString) > 0

The reported error is Invalid column name 'SplitString'.

so what is different about the reference to SplitString in line 15 for previous references to SplitString ........... in previous references it was SplitString.value

so, line 15 really should have been:

WHERE CHARINDEX('Activo', SplitString.value) > 0

and make equivalent changes in the other lines

==========
I encourage you to learn how to read the error message and troubleshoot this reported error, ultiimately gaining that skill will save you a lot of time.

ASKER

I have researched but the issue is in the query, it is not recognizing all the columns.
Please see attached image.

User generated image

Did you try to correct it? The CTE has 3 columns but uses different names.

I CANNOT guarantee that the code I provide here will operate without error..... because I have NO DATA to test with

That means delays if we treat every error like a warranty claim.

To assist in solving the error message, run this

with CTE as (
        SELECT
                CASE
                        WHEN ca2.pos1 > 0 THEN SUBSTRING(SplitString.value, ca2.pos1 + 7, LEN(SplitString.value))
                END right_part
              , c.id_Empresa
              , CASE
                        WHEN ca2.pos1 > 0 THEN LEFT(SplitString.value, ca2.pos1 + 6)
                END left_part

        FROM tblCustomer c
        CROSS APPLY dbo.SplitStringIntoTable(REPLACE(c.log, '<br>', '~'), '~') AS SplitString
        CROSS APPLY (SELECT
                        CHARINDEX('Activo', SplitString.value) AS pos1) AS ca2
        WHERE CHARINDEX('Activo', SplitString) > 0

        UNION ALL

        SELECT
                CASE
                        WHEN ca2.pos1 > 0 THEN SUBSTRING(SplitString.value, ca2.pos1 + 10, LEN(SplitString.value))
                END right_part
              , c.id_Empresa
              , CASE
                        WHEN ca2.pos1 > 0 THEN LEFT(SplitString.value, ca2.pos1 + 9)
                END left_part

        FROM tblCustomer c
        CROSS APPLY dbo.SplitStringIntoTable(REPLACE(c.log, '<br>', '~'), '~') AS SplitString
        CROSS APPLY (SELECT
                        CHARINDEX('Bloquedao', SplitString.value) AS pos1) AS ca2
        WHERE CHARINDEX('Bloquedao', SplitString) > 0

        UNION ALL

        SELECT
                CASE
                        WHEN ca2.pos1 > 0 THEN SUBSTRING(SplitString.value, ca2.pos1 + 9, LEN(SplitString.value))
                END right_part
              , c.id_Empresa
              , CASE
                        WHEN ca2.pos1 > 0 THEN LEFT(SplitString.value, ca2.pos1 + 8)
                END left_part

        FROM tblCustomer c
        CROSS APPLY dbo.SplitStringIntoTable(REPLACE(c.log, '<br>', '~'), '~') AS SplitString
        CROSS APPLY (SELECT
                        CHARINDEX('inactivo', SplitString.value) AS pos1) AS ca2
        WHERE CHARINDEX('inactivo', SplitString) > 0
    )
select
*
from CTE

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Is that data correct?
What are the column names?
for look at this:
SELECT creation_date, id_empresa, [log]
FROM CTE

are they the same column names?
do those columns "line up"? (i.e. a date under a date related heading?

by the way:
would a string of text magically become a real date?

These and other mysteries could be solved by providing me with sample data

right_part, id_Empresa, left_part
creation_date, id_empresa, [log]

see if this works without error:

with CTE as (
        SELECT
                CASE
                        WHEN ca2.pos1 > 0 THEN SUBSTRING(SplitString.value, ca2.pos1 + 7, LEN(SplitString.value))
                END right_part
              , c.id_Empresa
              , CASE
                        WHEN ca2.pos1 > 0 THEN LEFT(SplitString.value, ca2.pos1 + 6)
                END left_part

        FROM tblCustomer c
        CROSS APPLY dbo.SplitStringIntoTable(REPLACE(c.log, '<br>', '~'), '~') AS SplitString
        CROSS APPLY (SELECT
                        CHARINDEX('Activo', SplitString.value) AS pos1) AS ca2
        WHERE CHARINDEX('Activo', SplitString) > 0

        UNION ALL

        SELECT
                CASE
                        WHEN ca2.pos1 > 0 THEN SUBSTRING(SplitString.value, ca2.pos1 + 10, LEN(SplitString.value))
                END right_part
              , c.id_Empresa
              , CASE
                        WHEN ca2.pos1 > 0 THEN LEFT(SplitString.value, ca2.pos1 + 9)
                END left_part

        FROM tblCustomer c
        CROSS APPLY dbo.SplitStringIntoTable(REPLACE(c.log, '<br>', '~'), '~') AS SplitString
        CROSS APPLY (SELECT
                        CHARINDEX('Bloquedao', SplitString.value) AS pos1) AS ca2
        WHERE CHARINDEX('Bloquedao', SplitString) > 0

        UNION ALL

        SELECT
                CASE
                        WHEN ca2.pos1 > 0 THEN SUBSTRING(SplitString.value, ca2.pos1 + 9, LEN(SplitString.value))
                END right_part
              , c.id_Empresa
              , CASE
                        WHEN ca2.pos1 > 0 THEN LEFT(SplitString.value, ca2.pos1 + 8)
                END left_part

        FROM tblCustomer c
        CROSS APPLY dbo.SplitStringIntoTable(REPLACE(c.log, '<br>', '~'), '~') AS SplitString
        CROSS APPLY (SELECT
                        CHARINDEX('inactivo', SplitString.value) AS pos1) AS ca2
        WHERE CHARINDEX('inactivo', SplitString) > 0
    )
--INSERT INTO tblCustomerHistory (creation_date, id_empresa, log)
    SELECT cast(right_part as date) as creation_date, id_Empresa, left_part as [log]
    FROM CTE

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NB, this is new to that query: cast(right_part as date) as creation_date

ASKER

Error again. Attached is a backup of database for you to test, sorry not to uploaded before.

Msg 207, Level 16, State 1, Line 15
Invalid column name 'SplitString'.
Msg 207, Level 16, State 1, Line 32
Invalid column name 'SplitString'.
Msg 207, Level 16, State 1, Line 49
Invalid column name 'SplitString'.

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Please rename file "erp_database_bak.jpg" to "erp_database.bak" so you can import it to mssql.
erp_database_bak.zip

Have you created the needed function? (to split the long string into rows)
Have you verified the function works? (how?)
What is the name of that function?

Please answer those 3 questions, AND run this query:

declare @string varchar(8000)
declare @delimiter varchar(5) = '~'

set @string = '<br>Cambio estado (1) inactivo 7/28/2016 12:00:00 AM<br>Cambio estado (1) Activo 7/28/2016 12:00:00 AM<br>Cambio estado (1) Bloquedao 7/28/2016 12:00:00 AM<br>Cambio estado (1) Activo 7/28/2016 12:00:00 AM<br>Cambio estado (1) Bloquedao 7/28/2016 12:00:00 AM'

set @string = replace(@string,'<br>','~')

--Inline-CTE-Driven "tally table" produces values from 0 to 9999  ... enough to cover varchar(8000)
;WITH cteDigits AS (
    SELECT 0 AS digit UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 UNION ALL
    SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 7 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL SELECT 9
),
cteTally AS (
    SELECT [1000s].digit * 1000 + [100s].digit * 100 + [10s].digit * 10 + [1s].digit AS num
    FROM cteDigits [1s] --0 thru 9
    CROSS JOIN cteDigits [10s] --thru 99
    CROSS JOIN cteDigits [100s] --thru 999
    CROSS JOIN cteDigits [1000s] --thru 9999
),
cteBase(num) AS ( --Limit the number of rows up front, for both a performance gain and prevention of accidental "overruns"
        SELECT 0 UNION ALL
        SELECT TOP (DATALENGTH(ISNULL(@string, 1))) ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT NULL)) FROM cteTally
), 
cteStart(num1) AS ( --This returns num + 1 (starting position of each "value" just once for each delimiter)
        SELECT b.num + 1
        FROM cteBase b
        WHERE (SUBSTRING(@string, b.num, 1) = @delimiter OR b.num = 0)
)
--Do the actual split. The ISNULL/NULLIF combo handles the length for the final element when no delimiter is found. 
select
      value_seq
    , case when len(value)>0 then left(value,len(value)-22) end log_string
    , case when len(value)>0 then try_cast(right(value,22) as date) end log_date
from (
SELECT
      ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY s.num1) AS value_seq
    , LTRIM(RTRIM(SUBSTRING(@string, s.num1, ISNULL(NULLIF(CHARINDEX(@delimiter, @string, s.num1), 0) - s.num1, 8000)))) AS value
FROM cteStart s
) x
where len(value) > 22

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What is the result of that query? (please copy/paste the result)

If that query produces an error which mentions "try_cast" :
Change the "try_cast" to "cast" in my query (line 33) and re-run.
What is the result of that re-run?

ASKER

Answers:
1. Have you created the needed function? (to split the long string into rows)
A. No. I just used run the queries and reported results to you since I am a developer not a DB guy.

2. Have you verified the function works? (how?)
A. Same answer as number 1.

What is the name of that function?
A. What function?

Result of the query (looks good):

value_seq      log_string        log_date
2      Cambio estado (1) inactivo        2016-07-28
3      Cambio estado (1) Activo             2016-07-28
4      Cambio estado (1) Bloquedao 2016-07-28
5      Cambio estado (1) Activo             2016-07-28
6      Cambio estado (1) Bloquedao        2016-07-28

ASKER CERTIFIED SOLUTION

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ASKER

The first query works and create the function without any issues, "Succesfully"
The second displays the attached image result.

User generated image

SOLUTION

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ASKER

Result is attached into image.

User generated image

SOLUTION

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ASKER

ok. Thanks a lot!

ASKER

Excelent solution!

Thank you.