You set up dual delivery to deliver email messages to 2 or more inboxes. For example, users can receive messages in a Gmail inbox and a non-Gmail inbox, such as a Microsoft Exchange inbox or an archiving server.
With this configuration, incoming mail is delivered to a primary mail server, which processes and delivers each message. The primary server then forwards a copy of the message to a secondary mail server, which delivers it to the second inbox. The primary server is the mail server identified in the MX records for your public domain.
If the external server is the primary server, you configure that server to also forward messages to Google. You also configure the Inbound gateway setting in so that Gmail knows that the incoming mail is being rerouted to it from the external server and performs the appropriate SPF checks.
Two different mindsets from users: Some want to keep using Exchange Online for email, some want to use Gmail for email. There is no "Definitive Line" where we could logically seperate those users.I would literally be asking why you'd want to even give this choice. Management is going to be FAR easier keeping all users in one mail system. You're going to end up with a large number of limitations right off the bat, and you're definitely going to hear users complain about it. I guarantee you'd eventually get requests like "I like Gmail, but I'm missing x feature that I had before", then it will turn into "I have to have x feature" (Vasil's link even points out several limitations)
Exchange is the server side of a collaborative application product that is part of the Microsoft Server infrastructure. Exchange's major features include email, calendaring, contacts and tasks, support for mobile and web-based access to information, and support for data storage.
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There are some basic instructions here: https://support.office.com/en-us/article/domains-faq-1272bad0-4bd4-4796-8005-67d6fb3afc5a?redirectSourcePath=%252fen-us%252farticle%252fPilot-Office-365-with-a-few-email-addresses-on-your-custom-domain-39cee536-6a03-40cf-b9c1-f301bb6001d7&ui=en-US&rs=en-US&ad=US#bkmk_pilot