KB3045324 fails to install

That is for SQL Server.

https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=48009

Looks like this has been answered before:

https://www.experts-exchange.com/questions/28979839/How-to-reinstall-a-'Failed-to-install'-Windows-update.html

Sorry for the delay in updating, I've had to wait till tonight to reboot the server. I'm working through Fibertron's article and will update again tomorrow with my progress.  John, thanks for the link, but it still won't install it says there aren't any SQL instances that it can update which is wrong.

Please let us know if the suggestion works on a Windows Server 2012 without SQL.

Hi, I'm really sorry for my slackness replying, it's the usual work pressure.  So far nothing has worked, the update still won't install.  John, you ask about Server 2012, my server is 2012 running SQL 2014.  I've tried downloading the update via MS download centre numerous times, but it won't install, when I run it, it says there aren't any instances of SQL running, which is wrong, there are.  I've got a day to work on this tomorrow, so I'll be able to action any suggestions either tonight or tomorrow, so please keep them coming.

Try running DISM.

From an admin command prompt, run dism.exe /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth  

Allow to complete, and restart the server at a convenient moment to test.

Another resolution might come from installing a newer service pack or cumulative update but should be done with caution.  Depending on what integrations you have with business applications etc the SP or CU has the potential to break those integrations.  With a little research and some possible communication with vendors for the business applications, the installation of the SP or CU has a higher chance of going smoothly.  You should first identify the version of SQL 2014 that you are running with the help of this site:

https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/321185/how-to-determine-the-version-edition-and-update-level-of-sql-server-an

Then you can decide which service pack to install or you might be able to install the latest CU for your instance of SQL instead:

https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff803383.aspx

Hi John,  I ran dism.exe /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth and rebooted, tried to reinstall, but it failed again with error code 84B30002.

At this point, you will need to try a Windows Repair Install using the Server 2012 installation DVD