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Why this perl code about eval not work
Code is here:
my $a1 = ‘a1_v’;
my $c1;
my $varName;
my $code = qq(
\$varName = ‘a1’;
eval(‘\$c1 = \$\$varName;’);
);
eval($code);
# I hope this line print a1_v, but print nothing
print “$c1\n”;
my $a1 = ‘a1_v’;
my $c1;
my $varName;
my $code = qq(
\$varName = ‘a1’;
eval(‘\$c1 = \$\$varName;’);
);
eval($code);
# I hope this line print a1_v, but print nothing
print “$c1\n”;
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You have a few escapes wrong. This works...
use strict;
use warnings;
my $a1 = 'a1_v';
my $c1;
my $varName;
my $code = qq(
\$varName = 'a1';
eval("\\\$c1 = \\\$\$varName;");
);
eval($code);
print "$c1\n";
could I understand in this way: every layer of eval function add in code string, add \\ to begin of $ in parameter of added eval function?
thanks
thanks
Yes. Generally, for every level of eval, add \ per level (which means \\ for beyond the first).
Anytime you have an eval that doesn't work, the first thing to check on is the escapes and quotes and try debugging if they are what you want for the level of eval nesting you are using.
Anytime you have an eval that doesn't work, the first thing to check on is the escapes and quotes and try debugging if they are what you want for the level of eval nesting you are using.
In the nesting eval function, if I want to use single quote on the parameter of eval, how should I code
thanks
thanks
I don't think you can in this case (not positive) as you have variables at different nesting. Why do you want to use single quotes?
Let me start even more basic - what are you trying to do with the nested evals? You can probably do something else that would be simpler and much more efficient.
Let me start even more basic - what are you trying to do with the nested evals? You can probably do something else that would be simpler and much more efficient.
I want to know why this works:
my $code = qq(
\$str =~ m"$pattern";
for(\$xx = 1; \$xx <=2; $xx++)
{
eval('\$backRef = \$\$xx;');
push(\@\$backRefArr, \$backRef);
}
);
eval($code);
print "@$backRRefArr";
my $code = qq(
\$str =~ m"$pattern";
for(\$xx = 1; \$xx <=2; $xx++)
{
eval('\$backRef = \$\$xx;');
push(\@\$backRefArr, \$backRef);
}
);
eval($code);
print "@$backRRefArr";
It works because it is a single level of eval (not nested) so all variables are at the same level of escape (no double-escapes necessary). The only exception is $pattern which is defined outside of $code. I don't understand why $xx++ is not escaped (is that a typo?).
To step through the steps:
To step through the steps:
- When $code is defined, $pattern is evaluated so it becomes $str =~ m"somestring";.
- When $code is defined, the eval becomes eval('$backRef = $$xx;').
- When the first eval is run, it does pretty much as expected.
- When the second eval is run, it does $backRef = $1 and $backRef = $2 over the loop
In my last code, variable $refBack and @refBackArr are defined out of $code
$xx++ in my last post is mistake, in my code it is \$xx++, it is my mistake sorry for this
$xx++ in my last post is mistake, in my code it is \$xx++, it is my mistake sorry for this
not need to add a \ you need to escape everythin double
so \ -> \\ $ needs \$ etc. $var -> \$var
Each needs to be escaped again...: \$var -> \\\$var
Next level: \\\$var -> \\\\\\\$var
etc.
so \ -> \\ $ needs \$ etc. $var -> \$var
Each needs to be escaped again...: \$var -> \\\$var
Next level: \\\$var -> \\\\\\\$var
etc.
All escapes need to be done a 2nd time...
a \ escaped = \\
a $ escaped = \$
a " escaped = \"
so $val is intended for eval $ needs escape see below a working example:
This should print 4 lines with xxxx
a \ escaped = \\
a $ escaped = \$
a " escaped = \"
so $val is intended for eval $ needs escape see below a working example:
#!/usr/bin/perl
$val = "xxxx\n";
print $val;
eval ( "print \$val");
eval ( "eval ( \"print \\\$val\") " );
eval ( "eval ( \"eval (\\\"print \\\\\\\$val\\\") \" )" );
This should print 4 lines with xxxx
To rephrase what noci (and I) are saying...
For each nesting of eval that something should be evaluated at, you need to add an escape. qq(...) is equivalent to double-quoting.
Given the example:
$pattern will be evaluated when $code is defined
everything with \x becomes x when $code is defined
everything that had \x is evaluated when the first eval occurs (except the things in the second eval because they are enclosed in single quotes)
the single quoted string is then eval'd by the second eval
For each nesting of eval that something should be evaluated at, you need to add an escape. qq(...) is equivalent to double-quoting.
Given the example:
my $code = qq(
\$str =~ m"$pattern";
for(\$xx = 1; \$xx <=2; $xx++)
{
eval('\$backRef = \$\$xx;');
push(\@\$backRefArr, \$backRef);
}
);
eval($code);
print "@$backRRefArr";
$pattern will be evaluated when $code is defined
everything with \x becomes x when $code is defined
everything that had \x is evaluated when the first eval occurs (except the things in the second eval because they are enclosed in single quotes)
the single quoted string is then eval'd by the second eval
For your second example (quoted above), I'm curious why you need eval at all (and especially nested eval). Unless you are doing something non-obvious from your example snippet, this code should work fine:
$str =~ m"$pattern";
{ no strict 'refs';
for(my $xx = 1; $xx <=2; $xx++) {
my $backRef = $$xx;
push(@$backRefArr, $backRef);
}
}
print "@$backRefArr\n";
Why this not work:
my $a1 = 'a1_v';
my $varName;
my $code = qq(
\$varName = 'a1';
print \$\$varName;
);
eval($code);
# This do not work, either
$varName = 'a1';
print "$$varName"
my $a1 = 'a1_v';
my $varName;
my $code = qq(
\$varName = 'a1';
print \$\$varName;
);
eval($code);
# This do not work, either
$varName = 'a1';
print "$$varName"
Why should it:
I translated your $code to the equivalent $code2...
You may meant it to do:
again look at the intermediate results:
Which requires proper quoting, including the " getting quoted, if needed.
I translated your $code to the equivalent $code2...
my $a1 = 'a1_v';
my $varName;
my $code = qq(
$varName = 'a1';
print \$\$varName;
);
my $code2 = "
$varName = 'a1';
print \$\$varName;
";
print "code=$code\n";
print "code2=$code2\n";
#(That should explain the first part... qq is realy the same as "..., if you have an ebcdic system qq( ) is simpler than just "...
# This do not work, either
$varName = 'a1';
print "\$$varName"
#This does what you told it to do print $ and the contents of $varName: result: $a1 (without line feed)...
You may meant it to do:
$varName = 'a1';
eval( "print \$$varName; " );
print "\n";
eval( "print \"\${$varName}\"; " );
print "\n";
eval( "\$x = \"\${$varName}\"; print \$x;" );
print "\n";
again look at the intermediate results:
$varName = 'a1';
print( "print \$$varName; " );
print "\n";
print( "print \"\${$varName}\"; " );
print "\n";
print( "\$x = \"\${$varName}\"; print \$x;" );
print "\n";
Which requires proper quoting, including the " getting quoted, if needed.
In my code:
print $$varName;
at this line, I hope to get value of $a1, why getting nothing? Must it use eval?
print $$varName;
at this line, I hope to get value of $a1, why getting nothing? Must it use eval?
By my understanding, if I write:
$$varName
in level N of eval, $varName must be defined and get value in level N-1
$$varName
in level N of eval, $varName must be defined and get value in level N-1
I mean that get value of $a1 by $$varName, $varName has string value 'a1'.
For example: $a1 has value 'v1', I want $$varName return value 'v1'. I am not sure whether it must use eval here
For example: $a1 has value 'v1', I want $$varName return value 'v1'. I am not sure whether it must use eval here
$varName has value a1......
The parse has no concept of recursive resolution of variables.
For that you need eval, and eval requires to receive a syntactically correct "perl program"....
hence you need to escapd special characters to prevent replacement by the "higher level " parser that needs to construct the string for eval.
Perl has a very simplistic engine.. It Parses (reads, compiles) the program ONCE and then executes it...., so the First reading should produce a string that can then be "evaluated" again for Parsing & Execution....
The parse has no concept of recursive resolution of variables.
For that you need eval, and eval requires to receive a syntactically correct "perl program"....
hence you need to escapd special characters to prevent replacement by the "higher level " parser that needs to construct the string for eval.
Perl has a very simplistic engine.. It Parses (reads, compiles) the program ONCE and then executes it...., so the First reading should produce a string that can then be "evaluated" again for Parsing & Execution....
They work at printing nothing?.... as there is quite some missing context. Syntax is correct though.
Anyway what is $pattern...
The pattern isn't matched to anything using =~ ....
Please try the code fragments you wish us to evaluate First as such and describe what you get and what you expect...
Anyway what is $pattern...
The pattern isn't matched to anything using =~ ....
Please try the code fragments you wish us to evaluate First as such and describe what you get and what you expect...
Doing something like this:
You are doing "use strict; use warnings;" in your code, right? If not, you ALWAYS should be as it will catch a lot of errors (and I assume you are which is why I put "no strict 'refs'" since strict disallows symbolic references and you should only allow them where expected).
my $a1 = 'v_1';
my $varName = 'a1';
{ # begin closure
no strict 'refs';
print $$varName, "\n";
} # end closure
You are doing "use strict; use warnings;" in your code, right? If not, you ALWAYS should be as it will catch a lot of errors (and I assume you are which is why I put "no strict 'refs'" since strict disallows symbolic references and you should only allow them where expected).
Full code in my last post:
my $s1 = 'xxa1xxb2xx';
$s1 =~ m{(a\d+).*?(b\d+)};
for($xx = 1; $xx <= 2; $xx++)
{
# why this line get value 'a1' and 'b2' without eval
print "$$xx";
print "\n";
}
my $s1 = 'xxa1xxb2xx';
$s1 =~ m{(a\d+).*?(b\d+)};
for($xx = 1; $xx <= 2; $xx++)
{
# why this line get value 'a1' and 'b2' without eval
print "$$xx";
print "\n";
}
Your code works fine because it uses symbolic refs. $$xx evaluates to $1 and then $2.
Apparently I shouldn't do symbolic refs or evals from memory (my code doesn't work as posted and I don't see why). I'll double-check it later and report a snippet that works...
Apparently I shouldn't do symbolic refs or evals from memory (my code doesn't work as posted and I don't see why). I'll double-check it later and report a snippet that works...
There appears to be some very weird interaction between "my" and symbolic references (in short, they don't work). The below code is what I used to get both example sym refs working...
Note the "our" definition for $a1 (instead of "my").
use strict;
use warnings;
my $pattern = '(whatever).*(this)';
my $str = 'this is whatever this is';
my $backRefArr = [];
$str =~ m"$pattern";
{ no strict 'refs';
for(my $xx = 1; $xx <=2; $xx++) {
my $backRef = $$xx;
push(@$backRefArr, $backRef);
}
}
print "@$backRefArr\n";
our $a1 = 'v1';
my $varName = "a1";
{
no strict 'refs';
print $varName, "\t", $a1, "\t", $$varName, "\n";
}
Note the "our" definition for $a1 (instead of "my").
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