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How does Windows Compatibility Mode work?

There are many articles on the web that tell about compatibility mode in Windows, how to enable it, etc. But I was not able to find anywhere, how it actually works, i.e. what specific changes are made by Windows for an executable in compatibility mode.
We just had an instance when one specific exe was crashing in one particular scenario; and we were able to fix it by running it in Vista compatibility mode. So I'm wondering, what specifically changed in the way the exe ran?
Windows OS

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Thanks, this was very informative.
I have another problem, maybe you'll help.
I was troubleshooting visual studio 2019 and I think at some point I ran compatibility mode troubleshooter and told it to run as admin. Since then it always runs as admin. Now I want to try it without the admin mode, but I don't see how to undo it.
"run as administrator" is not in shortcut's properties.
The program devenv.exe does not have "compatibility tab".
Running "troubleshoot compatibility form  devenv.exe's properties does not show "this program requires additional permissions" checked.
devenv is not under HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\AppCompatFlags\Layers or under HKCU\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\AppCompatFlags\Layers.
So I'm wondering, how not to run it in admin mode?
Windows OS
Windows OS

This topic area includes legacy versions of Windows prior to Windows 2000: Windows 3/3.1, Windows 95 and Windows 98, plus any other Windows-related versions including Windows Mobile.

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