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Use capital letter for TRUE or FALSE . Eg: $spok = FALSE;
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Business Owner / Chief Developer

Richard Korts

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True/False is PHP is not an interger. <a href="https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.types.boolean.php" rel="ugc">https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.types.boolean.php</a> Try this code <pre><code class="code-1 nolinks" id="code-20-43295128-1">boby@sok-01:~$ cat 1.php
&lt;?php
$spok = False;
echo "spok = " . $spok . "\n";
var_dump($spok);
boby@sok-01:~$ php 1.php
spok =
bool(false)
boby@sok-01:~$
</code></pre> If you need boolean value converted to integer, use type cast like <pre><code class="code-1 nolinks" id="code-20-43295128-2">echo "spok = " . (int) $spok . "\n";
</code></pre> 
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I am totally confused. First, I have hundreds of programs using true &amp; false, lower case, all work fine. You answers assume that true is equal to 1 and false is null (or blank). That says my assumption of false being 0 is wrong, I am almost sure I have used that assumption many times, although I almost always test a variable for true or false with if($var) or if(!$var). In this case I'm just using the echo as a debug to find something else out. So, if I read you correctly. true is 1 if printed. false is null or blank Thank you, Richard
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The bottom line is when you try and output true/false via an echo, you will not have output. If you do a variable dump, you will. For debugging, you could just do <pre><code class="code-1 nolinks" id="code-20-43295216-1"> if (! isset($spok)) {
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; echo "False";
&nbsp; &nbsp;} &nbsp; &nbsp;else {
&nbsp; &nbsp;echo "True";
}

</code></pre>
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Terribly embarrassed about this, it has to be obvious, but I cannot see it: Here is code snippet: &nbsp; &nbsp;$spok = false; &nbsp; &nbsp;if (isset($_SESSION['uid'])) { &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;$qrys = "SELECT * from steps where uid = " . $_SESSION['uid']; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;$ress = mysqli_query($link, $qrys); &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;$ns = mysqli_num_rows($ress); &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;if ($ns != 0) { &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;$stps = mysqli_fetch_array($ress,MYSQLI_ASSOC); &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;if ($stps['initial'] == "Y") { &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;$spok = true; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;} &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;} &nbsp; &nbsp;} &nbsp; &nbsp;if (! isset($spok)) { &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;$spok = false; &nbsp; &nbsp;}&nbsp; &nbsp; echo "spok = " . $spok . "&lt;br&gt;"; &nbsp; The echo shows spok = No value. How can it not be either 0 or 1?
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Terribly embarrassed about this, it has to be obvious, but I cannot see it:
Here is code snippet:
   $spok = false;
   if (isset($_SESSION['uid'])) {
      $qrys = "SELECT * from steps where uid = " . $_SESSION['uid'];
      $ress = mysqli_query($link, $qrys);
      $ns = mysqli_num_rows($ress);
      if ($ns != 0) {
         $stps = mysqli_fetch_array($ress,MYSQLI_ASSOC);
         if ($stps['initial'] == "Y") {
            $spok = true;
         }
      }
   }
   if (! isset($spok)) {
      $spok = false;
   }   
echo "spok = " . $spok . " ";  
The echo shows spok =
No value. How can it not be either 0 or 1?

Cannot understand error

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